IL-28A (Interferon-λ2,IFN-λ2), IL-28B/IFN-λ3, and IL-29/IFN-λ1 are type III interferons which are distantly related to IL-10 family and type I IFN family cytokines. Mature human IL-28A is an approximately 22-25 kDa protein that shares 66% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-28A and shows cross-species activity. It shares 96% and 70% aa sequence identity with human IL-28B and IL-29, respectively. IL-28A promotes the Th1 polarization of dendritic cells in the airway and inhibits Th2 and Th17 mediated inflammation. IL-28A additionally exhibits anti-tumor activity, in part by enhancing IL-12 dependent anti-tumor CTL responses in vivo. In contrast, it is up-regulated in invasive bladder cancer where it promotes tumor cell migration.
Interferon alpha-1/13(IFN-alpha-1/13 for short), also known as Interferon alpha-D, is a secreted protein which belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. It is produced by macrophages. IFN-alpha have antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase. IFN-alpha exerts a variety of other biological effects, including antitumor and immunomodulatory activities and are increasingly used clinically to treat a range of malignancies, myelodysplasias and autoimmune diseases.
Interferon α-6 (IFN-α6) is a secreted protein which belongs to the α/β interferon family. IFN-α6 is produced by macrophages, expressed at low level, only 1.0% of the average gene in this release. IFN-α6 contains interferon alpha, beta and delta domain. IFN-α has antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase.
IFNγ is the major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly byT-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or alloantigens. It is produced by lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4 and CD8. IFNγ synthesis is induced by IL-2, FGF-basic, and EGF.
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