Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex is a key respiratory enzyme composed of four subunits, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. SDHB was expressed in the cytoplasm of normal cells, but absent in abnormal cells. SDHB mutations can lead to oncogenesis of pheochromocytoma, causing a class of tumors called succinate dehydrogenase-deficient tumors, including hereditary paraganglioma and hereditary pheochromocytoma, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal carcinoma, and succinate dehydrogenase-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
Actin smooth muscle (SMA) is a kind of actin that marks smooth muscle. It can react with actin α isomer, but it has no cross reaction with actin skeletal muscle nor cardiac muscle. It is used to label smooth muscle and tumor of its origin. It can also be used to label myoepithelia and tumors of its origin. It can be used as an important reference for the judging of the above diseases to observe the distribution and existence of myoepithelium when judging the malignant lesions of mammary gland, sleeping fluid gland and sweat gland.
Smooth Muscle Myosin is a structural protein in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells, which is related to the contractile function of smooth muscle. The positive expression of vascular and visceral smooth muscle and myoepithelial cells can be used for the diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors, and can also be used for the detection of breast myoepithelial cells, which is helpful for the differentiation of breast carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma.
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