CD163 is a type I membrane protein, which belongs to the scavenger receptor superfamily. CD163 is the most specific tissue cell (monocyte and macrophage) marker currently used. It is expressed in peripheral circulating monocytes and macrophages in most tissues, such as spleen dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, liver Kupffer cells. However, CD163 is not expressed in the immature cells which are in the center of some lymphoid follicles, macrophages, Langerhans cells and finger like reticulocytes. In tumor tissue, CD163 is expressed in monocyte like cells in the majority of AML, as well as in lymphadenopathy, Langerhans cytosis, typical and atypical fibrosarcoma.
CD19 is expressed in normal B cells, tumor B cells and follicular dendritic cells specifically. In normal tissues, CD19 is expressed throughout the development of B cell line, but down regulated during the terminal differentiation of plasma cells. CD19 is highly conserved in most B cell tumors.
CD1a is mainly expressed in dendritic cells and thymic cortex cells, 70% of thymocytes are positive. It's not expressed in early thymocytes or mature thymocytes. CD1a can be used to differentiate thymic tumors from primary lung tumors.
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