Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is related to cytokeratin 6. They have similar tissue distribution and present in different proportions in many non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, such as tongue mucosa, tracheal basal epithelium, epidermal basal cells, hair follicles, skin sebaceous glands and sweat glands, breast cavity cells, prostate basal cells, urethral epithelial cells, vaginal and cervical endometrial mucosa. Cytokeratin 5 and Cytokeratin 6 are also expressed in basal cell epithelioma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, tongue, epiglottis and rectoanal region.
The molecular weight of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is 54 kDa, which mainly marks the glandular epithelium and transitional epithelium. The epithelial cells of ovary, lung and breast are CK7 positive, while the epithelial cells of colon, prostate and gastrointestinal tract are CK7 negative. Therefore, CK7 + can be used to distinguish ovarian cancer (CK7 +) from colon cancer (CK7 -).
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) is a high molecular weight B-type cytokeratin, which mainly marks non squamous epithelium. Therefore, it is mainly used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Squamous carcinoma generally does not express CK8. It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma mainly expresses CK8 and CK18. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), with a molecular weight of 45kda, belongs to low molecular weight type a cytokeratin. It mainly marks all kinds of monolayer epithelium, including glandular epithelium, while stratified squamous epithelium is often negative. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.
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