Cytokeratin (high molecular weight) can recognize cytokeratin 1, cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 10 and cytokeratin 14. In normal tissues, cytokeratin (high molecular weight) is mainly expressed in squamous epithelium, ductal epithelium and other stratified epithelium. It’s also expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and bladder transitional cell carcinoma. This can recognize the basal cells of benign prostatic duct, but it is not expressed in prostate cancer. It is often used in combination with p63 and P504S in the judge of prostate cancer.
Cytokeratin (low molecular weight) can mark almost all non-squamous epithelium, especially all kinds of single-layer tubular glandular epithelium. It is not expressed in squamous epithelium. CK-LMW can specifically label tumors arising from non-squamous epithelium. Ovarian adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and the vast majority of ductal carcinomas were marked. In particular, it showed significant positive markers for epithelial tumors of the breast, pancreas, bile duct and salivary gland, tumors of endocrine organs (carcinoma and adenoma), liver cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Bladder transitional cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thymoma and mesothelioma also showed positive reaction. The vast majority of squamous cell carcinomas were negative.
Cytokeratin Pan is mainly used to mark keratinized epithelium,stratified squamous epithelium,stratified epithelium,proliferative keratinized cells and monolayer epithelium.It is expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (including spindle mutation),various adenocarcinoma(including adrenal cancer and liver cancer),transitional cell carcinoma,small cell carcinoma,malignant mesothelioma,germ cell tumor (excluding seminoma),some synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma.In the differential judging,we can combine EMA and CEA to differentiate epithelial tumor from non-epithelial tumor,and also can be used in the study of various cancers.
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