GLUT1, also known as human red blood cell glucose transporter, is a member of the glut family. Its main function is to transfer glucose into epithelial cells. At present, it is mainly used in the research of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.
Glypican 3, a heparan sulfate glycoprotein and oncoembryonic protein, is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of embryonic liver and placental tissue. GPC-3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilms tumor. Studies have shown that GPC-3 protein is expressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCS) but not in normal liver or benign liver lesions, including dysplastic and cirrhotic nodules. GPC-3 is a sensitive diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and a tool to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from non-neoplastic liver disease and preneoplastic liver disease.
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