HER2 (also known as HER2 / neu, C-erbB2, erbB2 or neu) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, which is a carcinogenic gene. Its activation will cause malignant transformation and increase the malignant potential of cells (cell proliferation, invasion, etc.). HER-2 is over expressed in 15-25% of primary breast cancer. HER-2 can also be found in gastrointestinal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, well differentiated endometrial cancer and some salivary duct tumors. HER2-expressed breast cancer is usually associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor negative. Therefore, the poor prognosis is related to the expression of HER2.
HMB45 is a melanoma-associated antigen that is mainly expressed in immature melanocytes. It was also expressed in activated and neoplastic melanocytes and other neural crest-derived tumors. It was also expressed in normal breast epithelium, some normal sweat glands, sweat gland-derived tumors and angiomyolipoma, and occasionally in carcinoma. "It is more specific than S-100 or NKl/C3 for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but the sensitivity is less than 90%, especially in metastatic melanoma."
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk papillomavirus, which is the main pathogenic factor of cervical cancer. It is mainly used in the research of cervical cancer, but also can be used in the research of head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and esophageal cancer.
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