Plays an important role in fat metabolism. It preferentially splits the esters of long-chain fatty acids at positions 1 and 3, producing mainly 2-monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids, and shows considerably higher activity against insoluble emulsified substrates than against soluble ones.
Group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein, also known as Group XIII secretory phospholipase A2-like protein, GXIII sPLA2-like, sPLA2-GXIIB, GXIIB, PLA2G13 and PLA2G12B, is a secreted protein which belongs to thephospholipase A2 family. PLA2G12B / PLA2G13 is strong expression in liver, small intestine and kidney. Mammalian secretory phospholipase A2s ( sPLA2s ) form a family of structurally related enzymes that are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes via the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids or the binding to specific membrane receptors. Phospholipases A2 / PLA2 are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol. This particular phospholipase specifically recognizes the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond releasing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Phospholipases A2 / PLA2 are commonly found in mammalian tissues as well as insect and snake venom. Venom from both snakes and insects is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of Phospholipases A2 / PLA2. Due to the increased presence and activity of Phospholipases A2 / PLA2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane disproportionately. As a result, inflammation and pain occur at the site.
Mouse phospholipase A2 is a secreted protein which belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Phospholipase A2/PLA2G1B catalyzes the release of fatty acids from glycero-3-phosphocholines. The best known varieties are the digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens by the pancreas of mammals. PLA2G1B has been thought to play major role in digestion of glycerophospholipids in nutrients, given its abundance in digestive organs. Since its expression has been observed in non-digestive organs including the lung, spleen, kidney, ovary, retina, brain, and neurons, its function may not limited to digestive role. PLA2G1B are resistant to obesity and diabetes induced by feeding a diabetogenic high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet. PLA2G1B inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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