Podoplanin, also known asPDPN, is a type-I integral membrane glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. The physiological function of this protein may be related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor. The specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.PDPN is a mucin-type glycoprotein negatively charged by extensive O-glycosylation and a high content of sialic acid, which expresses the adhesive property. It is selectively expressed in lymphatic endothelium as well as lymphangiomas, Kaposi sarcomas, and in a subset of angiosarcomas with probable lymphatic differentiation. PDPN may contribute to form odontoblastic fiber or function as the anchorage to the tooth development and in proliferating epithelial cells of cervical loop and apical bud. The intensity of podoplanin expression is negatively correlated with the expression of CD34 and factor VIII. Podoplanin would be useful as a diagnostic marker for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in liver tumors.
Podoplanin, also known as ,PDPN, is a type-I integral membrane glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. The physiological function of this protein may be related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor. The specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.PDPN is a mucin-type glycoprotein negatively charged by extensive O-glycosylation and a high content of sialic acid, which expresses the adhesive property. It is selectively expressed in lymphatic endothelium as well as lymphangiomas, Kaposi sarcomas, and in a subset of angiosarcomas with probable lymphatic differentiation. PDPN may contribute to form odontoblastic fiber or function as the anchorage to the tooth development and in proliferating epithelial cells of cervical loop and apical bud. The intensity of podoplanin expression is negatively correlated with the expression of CD34 and factor VIII. Podoplanin would be useful as a diagnostic marker for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in liver tumors.
Protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A / PP2CA) is an enzyme belonging to the PP2C family of Ser / Thr protein phosphatases. Members of PP2C family are negative regulators of cell stress response pathways and the MAP kinases and MAP kinase kinases. It has also been demonstrated to inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK kinase cascades. PPM1A dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of TGFβ-activated Smad2/3. Ectopic expression of PPM1A abolishes TGFβ-induced antiproliferative and transcriptional responses, whereas depletion of PPM1A enhances TGFβ signaling in mammalian cells. It has been demonstrated that PPM1A / PP2CA, through dephosphorylation of Smad2/3, plays a critical role in terminating TGFβ signaling. Overexpression of PPM1A is reported to activate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 / p53, which leads to cell apoptosis.
The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a member of the class I cytokine/lactogen receptor family which mediates the diverse cellular actions of prolactin in several tissues. PRLRs are expressed in normal and neoplastic human breast tissue, and in most breast cancer cells. PRLR contains an extracellular region that binds prolactin, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmatic region required for the activation of the Jak2–Stat5 signal transduction pathway by Prl which is essential for transcriptional activation of all known prolactin regulated genes. PRLRs have also been observed in ovarian follicular cells of mice, pigs, sheep, deer, and humans, as well as in luteal tissue in cow and horse ovaries. Furthermore, PRLR knockout mice exhibit failure of embryonic implantation, reduced number of mature oocytes, and low fertilization rates. Knockout females also display a reduced number of primary follicles.
Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a single-pass transmembrane receptor belonging to the type â… cytokine receptor superfamily, and contains two fibronectin type-â…¢ domains. All class 1 ligands activate their respective receptors by clustering mechanisms. Ligand binding results in the transmembrane PRLR dimerization, followed by phosphorylation and activation of the molecules invloved in the signaling pathways, such as Jak-STAT, Ras/Raf/MAPK. The PRLR contains no intrinsic tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain but associates with a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, JAK2. PRLR mainly serves as the receptor for the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL), a secreted hormone that affects reproduction and homeostasis in vertebrates. PRLR can be regulated by an interplay of two different mechanisms, PRL or ovarian steroid hormones independently or in combination in a tissue-specific manner. The role of the hormone prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is mediated by its cognate receptor (PRLR). Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the PRLR that negatively regulates PRL signaling is triggered by PRL-mediated phosphorylation of PRLR on Ser349 followed by the recruitment of the beta-transducin repeats-containing protein (beta-TrCP) ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase. which altered PRLR stability may directly influence the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Lascia la tua email e seleziona le aree che vuoi seguire per ricevere novita di prodotto, approfondimenti tecnici e promozioni piu pertinenti.
Puoi scegliere le macro-aree Life Science e Diagnostica oppure le singole specializzazioni.
Seleziona uno o piu ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni piu utili e mirate.
Aggiornamenti su ricerca, strumentazione e applicazioni per il mondo Life Science.
Novita, approfondimenti e promozioni per laboratori diagnostici e flussi operativi.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
