The carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family of proteins has been implicated in various intercellular-adhesion and intracellular-signalling-mediated effects that govern the growth and differentiation of normal and cancerous cells. CEACAM1, also known as biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I) and CD66a, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The highly glycosylated CEACAM1 contains one N-terminal V-type Ig-like domain and three C2-type Ig-like domains within its ECD, and one ITIM motif and a calmodulin binding site in the cytoplasmic region. CEACAM1 is a surface glycoprotein expressed on various blood cells, epithelial cells, and vascular cells. It was described as an adhesion molecule mediating cell adhesion via both homophilic and heterophilic manners, and was detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. Studies have revealed that CEACAM1 performs actions in multiple cellular processes including tissue differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, as well as the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH and follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways.
Major secreted protease of mast cells with suspected roles in vasoactive peptide generation, extracellular matrix degradation, and regulation of gland secretion.
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