Ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF) is a member of the cytokine family. It is a polypeptide hormone that have functions in promoting neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neuronal populations. It's actions appear to be restricted to the nervous system. Ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF) has biological effects through the activation of a multi-subunit receptor complex, consisting of an extracelluar CNTF binding subunit(CNTFα) and two transmembrane signal transduction proteins: glycoprotein gp130 and LIF receptor. CNTF is considered as a potent survival factor of neurons and oligodendrocytes and may be relevant in reducing tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks. CNTF is also a survival factor for neurons of the peripheral sensory sympathetic, and ciliary ganglia. It has been reported that CNTF could be an agent that has therapeutic potential and possibly induces differentiation of large multipolar ganglionic phenotype in a subset of progenitors.
COL4A3 is a major structural component of basement membranes. It is composed of 3 alpha subunits, which are encoded by 6 different genes, alpha 1 through alpha 6. Each of these alpha subunits can form a triple helix structure with 2 other subunits to form COL4A3. Autoantibodies bind to the collagen molecules in the basement membranes of alveoli and glomeruli can cause goodpasture syndrome. COL4A3 is also linked to an autosomal recessive form of alport syndrome. COL4A3 is organized in a head-to-head conformation and each gene pair shares a common promoter.
Non-enzymatic component of C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes.
Contactins are a subgroup of molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that are expressed exclusively in the nervous system. The subgroup consists of six members: Contactin-1, Contactin-2(TAG-1), Contactin-3(BIG-1), BIG-2, Contactin-5(NB-2) and NB-3. Since their identification in the late 1980s, Contactin-1 and Contactin-2 have been studied extensively. Axonal expression and the neurite extension activity of Contactin-1 and Contactin-2 attracted researchers to study the function of these molecules in axon guidance during development. Contactin-1 and Contactin-2 have come to be known as the principal molecules in the function and maintenance of myelinated neurons. In contrast, the function of the other four members of this subgroup remained unknown until recently. Contactin-3, also known as CNTN3 ( BIG-1 in rat and PANG in mouse ), is a GPI-linked glycoprotein that is expressed on cerebellar Purkinje cells, amygdaloid and thalamic neurons and olfactory granule cells. In the brain, Contactin-3 is expressed in frontal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum and amygdala. Contactin-3 contains 4 fibronectin type-III domains and 6 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. Human Contactin-3 shares 92% aa identity with mouse Contactin-3.The exact function of Contactin-3 is unclear. Contactin-3 may mediate cell-cell interaction and may promote neurite outgrowth.
Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland .Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile.
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