Calnexin is a calcium-binding protein that belongs to the calreticulin family. It interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Calnexin seems to play a major role in the quality control apparatus of the ER by the retention of incorrectly folded proteins. It may act in assisting protein assembly and/or in the retention within the ER of unassembled protein subunits. Associated with partial T-cell antigen receptor complexes that escape the ER of immature thymocytes, it may function as a signaling complex regulating thymocyte maturation. Additionally it may play a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis at the synapse.
Carbonic anhydrase X, also called carbonic anhydrase - related protein X (CARPX) and CA10, belongs to the CA family of zinc metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in various biological processes such as respiration, renal tubular acidification and bone resorption. The secreted protein CARPX without CA activity (hydration of CO2) is identified as an acatalytic member of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase subgroup. CARP X expression is detected in the adult total brain and almost all parts of the central nervous system, but not in the fetal brain. Accordingly, CARP X is suggested to play a role in the development of central nervous system, especially the brain. The same CARP X protein are encoded by multiple transcript variants of this gene.
Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein 10 (CA10) protein belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family of zinc metalloenzymes. It is an acatalytic member of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase subgroup. CA10 expression is detected in the adult total brain and in almost all parts of the central nervous system; but it is not expressed in the fetal brain. CA10 catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in various biological processes; which is fundamental to many processes such as respiration; renal tubular acidification and bone resorption. CA10 is thought to play a role in the central nervous system; especially in brain development.
Carbonic Anhydrase X (CA10) belongs to CA family of zinc metalloenzymes; which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in various biological processes such as respiration; renal tubular acidification and bone resorption. While CA10 is a secreted protein without Carbonic Anhydrase activity (i.e.; the reversible hydration of CO2) due to point mutations in the zinc binding site; it has esterase activity. The human and mouse CA10 are expressed in the brain; indicating that they may play a role in brain development.
Carbonic Anhydrase 13 (CA13) belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family which can catalyzes the reversible hydration recation of carbon dioxide. Carbonic anhydrases participate in many biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA13 is a cytosolic enzyme and is widely expressed in human, such as thymus, small intestine, spleen, prostate, ovary, colon and testis, indicating that it may play a key role in several organs. CA13 is inhibited by acetazolamide.
Carbonic Anhydrase 14 (CA14) belongs to the Alpha-Carbonic Anhydrase family. It is highly expressed in all parts of the central nervous system and lowly expressed in adult liver, heart, small intestine, colon, kidney, urinary bladder, and skeletal muscle. CA14 along with other Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. CA14 is predicted to be a type I membrane protein and catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
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