The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that belongs to the CD38 family.It is generally used in immunophynotyping. CD157 was discovered in a bone marrow stromal cell line where it facilitates pre-B-cell growth. CD157 is a bifunctional ectoenzyme that exhibits both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase activities followed with CD38. It plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its enhanced expression in RA-derived bone marrow stromal cell lines. Studies have shown that this protein have a role in predicted to function as a cell surface receptor and an immunoregulatory molecule.
NKG2-A/NKG2-B Type II Integral Membrane Protein contains 1 C-type lectin domain and belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor family. The killer cell lectin-like receptor family is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Members of this proteins is characterized by the type II membrane orientation and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. NKG2 is expressed only in NK-cells, but not in T-cells or B-cells. It has been shown that NKG2 represents a family of related cDNA clones, designated NKG2A, NKG2B, NKG2C, and NKG2D, which encode type 2 integral membrane proteins (extracellular C-terminus) containing a C-type lectin domain. NKG2 plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. NKG2A and NKG2B have been given the designation CD159a in the nomenclature of CD antigens.
CD160 antigen, also known as Natural killer cell receptor BY55 and CD160, is a cell membrane protein which contains one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD160 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic CD56(dim)CD16(+) peripheral blood NK subset. CD160 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. CD160 is expressed in spleen, peripheral blood, and small intestine. Expression of CD160 is restricted to functional NK and T cytotoxic lymphocytes. CD160 acts as a co-activator receptor for CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ CD160+ T cells isolated from inflammatory skin lesions. Unique CD4+ CD160+ lymphocyte subset may play a role in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Activated NK lymphocytes release a soluble form of CD160 that functionally impairs the MHC-I-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte responsiveness.
CD160 antigen is a Lipid-anchor that exists as a disulfide-linked homomultimer. CD160 contains one Ig-like V-type domain. The human CD160 precursor is a cysteine-rich; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of 181 amino acids with a single Ig-like domain. It is weakly homologous to KIR2DL4. CD160 is expressed in the spleen; peripheral blood; and small intestine. Its expression is tightly associated with peripheral blood NK cells and CD8 T lymphocytes with cytolytic effector activity. CD160 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules.
CD16 antigen, also known as Natural killer cell receptor BY55 and CD16, is a cell membrane protein which contains one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD16 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic CD56(dim)CD16(+) peripheral blood NK subset. CD16 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. CD16 is expressed in spleen, peripheral blood, and small intestine. Expression of CD16 is restricted to functional NK and T cytotoxic lymphocytes. CD16 acts as a co-activator receptor for CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ CD16+ T cells isolated from inflammatory skin lesions. Unique CD4+ CD16+ lymphocyte subset may play a role in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Activated NK lymphocytes release a soluble form of CD16 that functionally impairs the MHC-I-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte responsiveness.
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