CD16 antigen, also known as Natural killer cell receptor BY55 and CD16, is a cell membrane protein which contains one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD16 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic CD56(dim)CD16(+) peripheral blood NK subset. CD16 is a receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. CD16 is expressed in spleen, peripheral blood, and small intestine. Expression of CD16 is restricted to functional NK and T cytotoxic lymphocytes. CD16 acts as a co-activator receptor for CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ CD16+ T cells isolated from inflammatory skin lesions. Unique CD4+ CD16+ lymphocyte subset may play a role in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Activated NK lymphocytes release a soluble form of CD16 that functionally impairs the MHC-I-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte responsiveness.
Sialomucin core protein 24 also known as endolyn or CD164 (cluster of differentiation 164) is a novel 80- to 90-kD mucin-like molecule expressed by human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 of CD164 are expressed in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. Isoform 1 is expressed by prostate cancer tumors and prostate cancer cell lines. The expression is greater in bone metastases than in primary tumors. Expression in osseous metastasis is greater than that in soft tissue metastasis. Isoform 2 of CD164 is expressed in the small intestine, colon, lung, thyroid and in colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Isoform 4 is expressed by both hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow stromal cells. CD164 belongs to the CD164 family. The cluster of differentiation (cluster of designation) (often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on white blood cells initially but found in almost any kind of cell of the body, providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells. CD164 may play an important role in prostate cancer metastasis and the infiltration of bone marrow by cancer cells. CD164 promotes myogenesis by enhancing CXCR4-dependent cell motility. This protein positively regulates myoblast migration and promotes myoblast fusion into myotubes. CD164 may play a key role in hematopoiesis by facilitating the adhesion of CD34+ cells to bone marrow stroma and by negatively regulating CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cell growth.
The Fc receptor with low affinity for IgG (FCGR3; or CD16) is encoded by 2 nearly identical genes; FCGR3A and FCGR3B; resulting in tissue-specific expression of alternative membrane-anchored isoforms. FCGR3A; it is also known as CD16a; encodes a transmembrane protein expressed on activated monocytes/macrophages; natural killer (NK) cells; and a subset of T cells. CD16a / FCGR3A is a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. CD16a / FCGR3A also has a broader function. CD16a / FCGR3A is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells by NK cells; independent of antibody binding. Cross-linking of CD16a / FCGR3A on NK cells resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and a cascade of biochemical events similar to those activated by the T cell receptor. CD16a / FCGR3A on human NK cells is a lysis receptor that mediates the direct killing of some virus infected and tumor cells; independent of antibody ligation.
The Fc receptor with low affinity for IgG (FCGR3, or CD16) is encoded by 2 nearly identical genes, FCGR3A and FCGR3B, resulting in tissue-specific expression of alternative membrane-anchored isoforms. FCGR3A, it is also known as CD16a, encodes a transmembrane protein expressed on activated monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and a subset of T cells. CD16a / FCGR3A is a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. CD16a / FCGR3A also has a broader function. CD16a / FCGR3A is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells by NK cells, independent of antibody binding. Cross-linking of CD16a / FCGR3A on NK cells resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and a cascade of biochemical events similar to those activated by the T cell receptor. CD16a / FCGR3A on human NK cells is a lysis receptor that mediates the direct killing of some virus infected and tumor cells, independent of antibody ligation.
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