CD200 (OX-2) is a cell surface glycoprotein that imparts immune privileges by suppressing alloimmune and autoimmune responses through its receptor, CD200R, expressed primarily on myeloid cells. Signals delivered through the CD200:CD200R axis have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and overexpression of CD200 has been reported in a number of malignancies, including CLL, as well as on cancer stem cells. The role of CD200-CD200R signaling in immune regulation of the central nervous system has become a popular field of research in recent years. Many studies have shown that there is a close correlation between CD200-CD200R, microglia activation, and Parkinson's disease (PD). The ability of CD200 to suppress myeloid cell activation is critical for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis but may also enhance the survival of migratory neoplastic cells. CD200 and CD200R associate via their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. CD200 has been characterized as an important immunoregulatory molecule, increased expression of which can lead to decreased transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and allergic disease. Elevated CD200 expression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in some human malignancies. Besides, CD200 also plays an important role in prevention of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases and spontaneous abortion.
CD200 is a transmembrane immunoregulatory protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It contains one Ig like V type domain and one Ig like C2 type domain in its extracelluar domain. CD200 is widely but not ubiquitously expressed. Its receptor (CD200R) is restricted primarily to mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which suggests myeloid cell regulation as the major function of CD200. CD200 and CD200R associate via their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. In myeloid cells, CD200R initiates inhibitory signals following receptor-ligand contact. In T cells, CD200 functions as a co-stimulatory molecule independent of the CD28 pathway. In addition, CD200 also plays an important role in prevention of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases and spontaneous abortion.
Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 2, also known as Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1-like, Cell surface glycoprotein OX2 receptor 2, CD200 receptor-like 2, CD200Rla, CD200R1L and CD200R2, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to theCD200R family. CD200R1L / CD200R2. It contains oneIg-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and oneIg-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD200 is a transmembrane protein delivering immunoregulatory signals after engagement of CD200R. A family of CD200Rs exist ( CD200R1, CD200R2, CD200R3, CD200R4 ) with different tissue expression and functional activity. In the presence of anti-CD200R2 / CD200R3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bone-marrow cells cultured in the presence of (interleukin [IL]-4+granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs), which induce CD4+CD25+ Treg. Interaction between the relatively ubiquitously expressed molecule CD200 and one of its receptors, CD200R1, resulted in direct suppression of alloreactivity, engagement of alternate receptors led instead to altered differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) from marrow precursors, which could in turn foster development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Unlike anti-CD200R1, anti-CD200R2 both promotes development of DCs with capacity to induce Treg and directly augments thymocyte production of Treg.
Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 Receptor 1 (CD200R1) is the receptor for the CD200 (OX-2) membrane glycoprotein. CD200R1 contains one C2- type Ig-like domain and one V-type Ig-like domain within its extracellular domain and a PTB-signaling motif in cytoplasmic domain. CD200R1 and CD200 associate via their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. CD200R1 is restricted primarily to mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It propagates inhibitory signals despite its lacking a cytoplasmic ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosinebased inhibitory motif). The receptor-substrate interaction may function as a myeloid downregulatory signal.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1 (CD200R1) is an isoform of CD200 receptors which is expressed on cells of the myeloid lineage. CD200R1 is a receptor for the OX-2 membrane glycoprotein. The receptor-substrate interaction may serve as a myeloid downregulatory signal.
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