Programmed cell death ligand 1(CD274,or B7-H1,PD-L1),is the first member of B7 family to be discovered. B7 family molecules are type I transmembrane proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In concert with an their CD28 family receptors,the B7s are key regulators of the adaptive immune response. CD274 is suggested a negative regulator of T and B cell,and play important role in mediating tolerance of lymphocytes to self-antigens. It also involved in the costimulatory signal,essential for T-cell proliferation and production of IL10 and IFNG,in an IL2-dependent and a PDCD1-independent manner. PD-L1 is a 290 aa transmembrane protein with an a calculated molecular weight of 33 kDa,the apparent molecular weight has been reported as 45-70 kDa,suggesting probable glycosylation .
CD27 Ligand (CD70) is a 30 kDa type 2 transmembrane glycoproteinis that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family.Human CD27 Ligand extracellular region is 64% aa identical to mouse and rat CD27 Ligand extracellular regions. This cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF27/CD27. It is a surface antigen on activated, but not on resting, T and B lymphocytes. It induces proliferation of costimulated T cells, enhances the generation of cytolytic T cells, and contributes to T cell activation. This cytokine is also reported to play a role in regulating B-cell activation, cytotoxic function of natural killer cells, and immunoglobulin sythesis.
CD70, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is restricted to activated T-and B-lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells. Binding of CD70 to its receptor, CD27, is important in priming, effector functions, differentiation and memory formation of T-cells as well as plasma and memory B-cell generation. Tight control of CD70 expression is required to prevent lethal immunodeficiency. By selective transcription, CD70 is largely confined to activated lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC). As a type II transmembrane receptor, CD70 is normally expressed on a subset of B, T and NK cells, where it plays a costimulatory role in immune cell activation. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD70 expression in multiple carcinoma types. The restricted expression pattern of CD70 in normal tissues and its widespread expression in various malignancies makes it an attractive target for antibody-based therapeutics. Investigations to exploit CD70 as a cancer target have lead to the identification of potential antibody-based clinical candidates.
CD27 antigen is also known as CD27L receptor; T-cell activation antigen CD27; Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7; T14 and TNFRSF7. In humans; it is encoded by the CD27 gene. CD27 is a single-pass type I membrane protein with 3 TNFR-Cys repeats. It is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to ligand CD70; and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. It plays a role in survival of activated T-cells and apoptosis through association with SIVA1.
CD27; also known as TNFRSF7; is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily limited to cells of the lymphoid lineage; and exists as both a dimeric glycoprotein on the cell surface and as a soluble protein in serum. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of about 55 kDa existing as disulfide-linked homodimer; CD27 has been shown to play roles in lymphoid proliferation; differentiation; and apoptosis.It has important role in generation of T cell immunity; and is an apparently robust marker for normal memory B cells. It is a T and B cell co-stimulatory molecule; the activity of CD27 is governed by its TNF-like ligand CD70 on lymphocytes and dendritic cells. The CD27-CD70 interaction is required for Th1 generation responses to differentiation signals and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity; and meanwhile; plays a key role in regulating B-cell differentiation; activation and immunoglobulin synthesis.
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