Complement Factor H-Related 1 (CFHR1) is a 43 kDa secreted member of the factor H family of glycoproteins. The human Complement Factor H protein family consists of the complement and immune regulators factor H; the factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) and five factor H-related proteins (CFHR-1 to -5). Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains; termed short consensus repeats (SCRs) or complement control modules. FHR1 is produced by hepatocytes and circulates as two differentially glycosylated isoforms (37 kDa and 43 kDa). Mature human FHR1 is 312 amino acids in length. It contains five; approximately 60 aa SCRs that basically constitute the entire molecule. FHR1 may play a role in complement regulation; lipid metabolism and lipoprotein complexes that bind PMNs to LPS.
Complement Factor H-Related Protein 2 (CFHR2) is a secreted protein that belongs to the complement factor H protein family. Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains, termed short consensus repeats (SCRs) or complement control modules. CFHR2 is synthesized as a 270 amino acid precursor that contains an 18 amino acid signal peptide and a 252 amino acid mature chain with 4 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains. CFHR2 is synthesized in the liver and secreted into plasma. It may be involved in complement regulation. CFHR2 can also be associated with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism.
Complement factor H-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR3 gene. It is a secreted protein that belongs to the complement factor H protein family. Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains. CFHR3 is synthesized as a 330 amino acid precursor that contains an 18 amino acid signal peptide and a 312 amino acid mature chain. Human CFCR3 protein might be involved in complement regulation.
Complement factor H-related protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR4 gene. It is a secreted protein that belongs to the complement factor H protein family. Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains. CFHR4 is synthesized as a 578 amino acid precursor that contains an 19 amino acid signal peptide and a 569 amino acid mature chain. Human CFHR4 is involved in complement regulation. It can associate with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism.
Complement factor H-related protein 5(FHR-5 for short), is a secreted protein which contains 9 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains. It is expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. The pattern of the deposits is similar to other complement components, suggesting that FHR-5 may play a role in complement activation and regulation. Defects in CFHR5 have been found in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and may contribute to the disease. In contrast to typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical forms have a poorer prognosis, with higher death rates and frequent progression to end-stage renal disease.
Cofilin 2 (muscle), also known as CFL2, is a member of cofilin family of the actin-binding protein superfamily. Cofilin2 shows significant homology to the other two members: cofilin 1 and DSTN, through its entire sequence, and contains residues conserved among the cofilin family that are responsible for actin-binding. Cofilin 2 (CFL2) is an important regulator of striated myocyte function. Purified cofilin 2 depolymerized actin filaments in a dose- and pH-dependent manner and reduced the apparent viscosity of an actin solution, although they did not co-sediment with actin filaments at all. Cofilin2 is not expressed in vegetative cells, but is transiently induced during the aggregation stage of development, whereas cofilin 1 was predominantly expressed in vegetative cells.
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain, also known as CGA, belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family. The subunit of CGA is a heterodimer consists of a common alpha chain and a unique beta chain which confers biological specificity to thyrotropin, lutropin, follitropin and gonadotropin. It has positive regulation of cell migration, cell proliferation and transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter and participates in the peptide hormone processing and signal transduction.
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