Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the Glycosyl Hydrolase 18 family and Chitinase class II subfamily. It is secreted by cultured macrophages and serves to degrade chitin, chitotriose and chitobiose. CHIT1 may participate in the defense against nematodes and other pathogens. It is highly expressed in the plasma of patients with Gaucher's disease type I, which can be used as diagnostic aid and to evaluate the success of treatment that brings levels back to normal. The amino acid sequence of human CHIT1 is 99%, 76%, 75% and 55% identical to that of chimpanzee, rat, mouse and fruit fly, respectively.
CHK1 / CHEK1 contains 1 protein kinase domain and belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, NIM1 subfamily. It is a member of checkpoint kinases (Chks). Chks Checkpoint kinases (Chks) are serine/threonine kinases that are involved in the control of the cell cycle. There are two subtypes of chks that have so far been identified, CHK1 / CHEK1 and Chk2. They are essential components to delay cell cycle progression in normal and damaged cells and can act at all three cell cycle checkpoints. Chks are activated by phosphorylation. ATR kinase phosphorylates CHK1 / CHEK1 in response to single strand DNA breaks and ATM kinase phosphorylates Chk2 in response to double strand breaks. Chks phosphorylate Cdc25 phosphatase at Ser216, which leads to Cdc25 sequestration in the cytoplasm. Chks have a role in the physiological stress of hypoxia/reoxygenation. CHK1 / CHEK1 is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. CHK1 / CHEK1 may also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles.
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by CHEK2 gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded CHEK2 protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in CHEK2s gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein, also known as close homolog of L1 (CHL1) is the prototypic member of the CTF / NF-1 family of transcription factors that serve as a novel calcium signaling pathway-responsive transcription factor and is considered as a member of the largest ctf complementation group, consisting of 30 of 126 ctf mutants isolated. CHL1 is a cell adhesion molecule highly related to L1. It contains structure plan of six extracellular C2-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domains followed by five fibronectin typeⅢ domains linked by a single membrane-spanning region to a short cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular portion of CHL1 is higyly glycosylated and involved them in hemophilic disease.
Choriogonadotropin subunit beta is also known as CG-beta, Chorionic gonadotrophin chain beta. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB gene. It belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family. Choriogonadotropin subunit beta can stimulates the ovaries to synthesize the steroids that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy.
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3(CHRNB3) is a cell membrane protein and belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. CHRNB3 seems to be composed of two different type of subunits: alpha and beta. The CHRNB3 are (hetero) pentamers composed of homologous subunits. The subunits that make up the muscle and neuronal forms of CHRNB3 are encoded by separate genes and have different primary structure. There are several subtypes of neuronal CHRNB3 that vary based on which homologous subunits are arranged around the central channel. They are classified as alpha-subunits if like muscle alpha-1, they have a pair of adjacent cysteines as part of the presumed acetylcholine binding site. Subunits lacking these cysteine residues are classified as beta-subunits.
CHST11, also known as C4ST-1, belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. CHST11 localizes to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage, and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. A chromosomal translocation involving CHST11 gene and IgH, t(12;14)(q23;q32), has been reported in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15, also known as N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase, GalNAc4S-6ST, B-cell RAG-associated gene protein, CHST15 and BRAG, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to thesulfotransferase 1 family. CHST15 / BRAG is expressed in B-cell-enriched tissues but not in fetal or adult thymus. It is expressed in fetal and adult spleen, lymph node, tonsil, bone marrow and peripheral leukocytes. It is not expressed in T-cells. In pro-B, pre-B, and mature B-cell lines, it colocalizes with RAG1. CHST15 / BRAG is a sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO4) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc(4SO4)-GlcA(2SO4)-GalNAc(6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. CHST15 / BRAG may also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and / or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression.
Chymotrypsin C (CTRC) is a member of the peptidase S1 family. CTRC is a serum calcium-decreasing factor that has chymotrypsin-like protease activity. CTRC has broad substrate specificity; but prefers tocleave on the carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues. CTRC is expressed primarily in the pancreas; and is secreted into the digestive tract. CTRC plays a protective role in the pancreas by mitigating premature trypsinogen activation through degradation. It has been proposed that CTRC is a key regulator of digestive zymogen activation and is a physiological coactivator of digestive carboxypeptidases proCPA1 and proCPA2. The mutation of CTRC gene encodes the digestive enzyme CTRC contribute to the development of pancreatitis.
Lascia la tua email e seleziona le aree che vuoi seguire per ricevere novita di prodotto, approfondimenti tecnici e promozioni piu pertinenti.
Puoi scegliere le macro-aree Life Science e Diagnostica oppure le singole specializzazioni.
Seleziona uno o piu ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni piu utili e mirate.
Aggiornamenti su ricerca, strumentazione e applicazioni per il mondo Life Science.
Novita, approfondimenti e promozioni per laboratori diagnostici e flussi operativi.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
