Human Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a member of the CX3C family of chemokines. Human Fractalkine contains both chemokine and mucin domain. The soluble form of Fractalkine is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. The membrane bound form of Fractalkine promotes leukocytes adhesion to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Natural Human Fractalkine is produced as a long protein (373-amino acid). The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the cell surface.
CXADR (coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor), also known as CAR, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CTX family of the Ig superfamily, and is essential for normal cardiac development in the mouse. Proposed as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule, CXADR is a component of the epithelial apical junction complex that is essential for the tight junction integrity, and probably involved in transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Mature mouse CXADR structrually comprises a 218 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with a V-type (D1) and a C2-type (D2) Ig-like domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 107 aa intracellular domain, among which,D1 is thought to be responsible for homodimer formation in trans within tight junctions. The ECD of mouse CXADR shares 97%, 90% sequence identity with the corresponding regions of rat, human CXADR.
Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) belongs to the CTX family of the Ig superfamily. CXADR is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and expressed in pancreas, brain, heart, small intestine, testis, prostate. It is a receptor that mediates gene transfer and also act as an adhesion molecule within junctional complexes, notably between epithelial cells lining body cavities and within myocardial intercalated discs. CXADR contains an extracellular domain, a transmembrane helix and a C-terminal intracellular domain. The C-terminal interacts with few cytoplasmic junctional proteins, microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton.
Human C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a non-ELR chemokine secreted by various cell types; such as monocytes; endothelial cells and fibroblasts; in response to IFN-γ. CXCL10 functions via chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles; such as chemoattraction for activated T-lymphocytes; inhibition of angiogenesis; and antitumor activity.
Human C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a non-ELR chemokine secreted by various cell types, such as monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in response to IFN-γ. CXCL10 functions via chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for activated T-lymphocytes, inhibition of angiogenesis, and antitumor activity.
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