Pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP) is also known as Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7) and nucleosome assembly protein (Nap-2). Nap-2 / PPBP / CXCL7 is released in large amounts from platelets following their activation and is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. Nap-2 / PPBP / CXCL7 has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells. Nap-2 is a ligand for CXCR1 and CXCR2, and Nap-2, Nap-2 (73), Nap-2 (74), Nap-2 (1-66), and most potent Nap-2 (1-63) are chemoattractants and activators for neutrophils.
Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 9 (CXCL9) belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CXC) family. It is secreted by interferon stimulated monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, which elicits chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL9 acts as a Th1 (type 1 helper T) cell chemoattractant and plays a role in the growth, activation and movement of cells associated with immune and inflammatory responses, and in tumour growth inhibition. It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4.
Chemokine (C-X-C-Motif) Ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor and it exhibits extensive similarity to other CXC chemokines such as IL-8 and ENA-78. CXCL6 can promote the release of MMP-9 from granulocytes indicating its potential role as an inflammatory mediator. It functionally uses both of the IL-8/CXCL8 receptors to chemoattract neutrophils but that is structurally most related to epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78)/CXCL5. The human CXCL6 gene has been cloned and is physically mapped to the CXC chemokine locus on chromosome 4. Mature human CXCL6 is a 75 amino acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 8 kDa. Human CXCL6 shares 60% and 67% aa identity with mouse and bovine CXCL6, respectively.
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