Chemokine (C-X-C-Motif) Ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor and it exhibits extensive similarity to other CXC chemokines such as IL-8 and ENA-78. CXCL6 can promote the release of MMP-9 from granulocytes indicating its potential role as an inflammatory mediator. It functionally uses both of the IL-8/CXCL8 receptors to chemoattract neutrophils but that is structurally most related to epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78)/CXCL5. The human CXCL6 gene has been cloned and is physically mapped to the CXC chemokine locus on chromosome 4. Mature human CXCL6 is a 75 amino acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 8 kDa. Human CXCL6 shares 60% and 67% aa identity with mouse and bovine CXCL6, respectively.
Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ions levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin, leading to enhance intracellular calcium ions and reduce cellular cAMP levels. Involved in haematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation. Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. Could be involved in cerebellar development. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 X4 isolates and as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates. Promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus.
Cytokine receptor that binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC). Involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches but not into those of mesenteric or peripheral lymph nodes. May have a regulatory function in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lymphomagenesis and/or B-cell differentiation.
Tyrosinase-related protein 1, also known as TYRP1 or TRP1, is a melanosomal enzyme that belongs to the tyrosinase family and plays an important role in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. Mutations in this enzyme are the cause of rufous oculocutaneous albinism and oculocutaneous albinism type III. TYRP1 / TRP1 is involved in the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) into indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid. This enzyme may regulate or influence the type of melanin synthesized. The expression of Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). There is mounting evidence demonstrating that in addition to its role in eumelanin synthesis, TYRP1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase proliferation and melanocyte cell death.
Cyclin which controls both the G1/S and the G2/M transition phases of the cell cycle. Functions through the formation of specific serine/threonine protein kinase holoenzyme complexes with the cyclin-dependent protein kinases CDK1 or CDK2. The cyclin subunit confers the substrate specificity of these complexes and differentially interacts with and activates CDK1 and CDK2 throughout the cell cycle.
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