The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene; along with four other related genes; is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones; leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.
Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR).Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary.Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation.
Gastric intrinsic factor, also known as GIF, belongs to the of the cobalamin transport protein family. It is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. Gastric intrinsic factor plays a key role in the absorption of vitamin B12 on in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 bounds to haptocorrin after entry into the stomach. The resulting complex enters the duodenum, where pancreatic enzymes digest haptocorrin. In the less acidic environment of the small intestine, B12 can then bind to gastric intrinsic factor. This new complex travels to the ileum, where special epithelial cells endocytose them. Inside the cell, B12 dissociates once again and binds to another protein, transcobalamin II. The new complex can exit the epithelial cells to enter the liver.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a member of the secretin family of hormones. GIP, together with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to the group of metabolic hormones called incretins that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. GIP is derived from a 153-amino acid pro-protein encoded by the GIP gene and circulates as a biologically active 42-amino acid peptide. Engagement of Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptors (GIPR) by GIP on pancreatic beta cells activates adenylate cyclase to regulate insulin compensation in the presence of high circulating glucose.
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