Glycophorins A (GYPA) and B (GYPB) are major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which bear the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups. In addition to the M or N and S or s antigens that commonly occur in all populations, about 40 related variant phenotypes have been identified. These variants include all the variants of the Miltenberger complex and several isoforms of Sta, as well as Dantu, Sat, He, Mg, and deletion variants Ena, S-s-U- and Mk. Most of the variants are the result of gene recombinations between GYPA and GYPB.
H1 histone family, member 0 (H1F0) is a member of the H1 histone family of nuclear proteins which are a component of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. It's involved in maintaining the structure of chromatin by packing the "beads on a string" sub-structure into a high order structure. The lysine-rich H1 histone family in mammals includes eleven members. In higher eukaryotes all H1 variants have the same general structure, consisting of a central conserved globular domain and less conserved N-terminal and C-terminal tails. These tails are moderately conserved among species, but differ among variants, suggesting a specific function for each H1 variant. Studies on the role of particular subtypes at specific developmental stages in lower eukaryotes, but also in vertebrates suggest that specific subtypes of H1 participate in particular systems of gene regulation.
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. Human Histone H2AX with an N-terminal His tag expressed in E. coli and purified by conventional chromatography.
Hyaluronan-binding protein 2（HABP2） is an extracellular serine protease which binds hyaluronic acid. It secreted as an inactive single-chain precursor and is then activated to a heterodimeric form, which consists of a 50 kDa heavy and a 27 kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond. HABP2 is involved in cell adhesion, it can cleave the alpha-chain at multiple sites and the beta-chain between 'Lys-53' and 'Lys-54' , but not the gamma-chain of fibrinogen. As a result of this, it does not initiate the formation of the fibrin clot and does not cause the fibrinolysis directly. It does not cleave prothrombin and plasminogen but converts the inactive single chain urinary plasminogen activator to the active two chain form, activates coagulation factor VII.
The limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by cortical and subcortical regions of the mammalian CNS that comprise or receive direct projections from limbic system structures. The 64-68-kDa glycoprotein limbic system-associated membrane protein (LsAMP) is expressed on the surface of somata and proximal dendrites of neurons. These areas perform cognitive and autonomic functions, also learning and memory. The functional analysis indicates that LsAMP acts as a selective adhesion molecule, serving as a guidance cue for specific patterns of connectivity, which underlies the normal development of the limbic system. In animal studies there have been found that rats with increased level of anxiety had 1.6-fold higher expression of LsAMP gene in the periaqueductal gray compared to rats with low level of anxiety, indicating a possible role of LsAMP in the regulation of anxiety.
Vascular non-inflammatory molecule 2, also known as glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein GPI-80, Vanin-2, Protein FOAP-4 and VNN2, is a cell membrane protein which belongs to theCN hydrolase family and Vanin subfamily. VNN2 is widely expressed with higher expression in spleen and blood. VNN2 is a member of the vanin family of proteins which share extensive sequence similarity with each other, and also with biotinidase. The family includes secreted and membrane-associated proteins, a few of which have been reported to participate in hematopoietic cell trafficking. No biotinidase activity has been demonstrated for any of the vanin proteins, however, they possess pantetheinase activity, which may play a role in oxidative-stress response. VNN2 is an amidohydrolase that hydrolyzes specifically one of the carboamide linkages in D-pantetheine thus recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and releasing cysteamine. It is involved in the thymus homing of bone marrow cells. VNN2 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils and may regulate beta-2 integrin-mediated cell adhesion, migration and motility of neutrophil.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor Type 2 (HAI2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and contains two BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domains. The first Kunitz domain is mainly responsible for the inhibitory activity against hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA). HAI2 is expressed in placenta, kidney, pancreas, prostate, testis, thymus and trachea. HAI2 serves as a inhibitor of HGF activator. It also inhibits plasmin, plasma and tissue kallikrein and factor XIa. Defects in HAI2 are the cause of diarrhea type 3 (DIAR3), also known as congenital sodium diarrhea (CSD).
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