Kell blood group glycoprotein (KEL) is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to the peptidase M13 family. It is expressed in Expressed at high levels in erythrocytes and testis, and, at lower levels, in skeletal muscle, tonsils, lymph node, spleen and appendix. KEL has been shown zinc endopeptidase with endothelin-3-converting enzyme activity. It cleaves EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3, with a marked preference for EDN3. It links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen.
Ketohexokinase, also known as Hepatic fructokinase, is a member of the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. It exits as a homodimer and most abundant in liver, kidney, gut, spleen and pancreas. Low levels also found in adrenal, muscle, brain and eye.This enzyme catalyzes conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate. It is the first enzyme with a specialized pathway that catabolizes dietary fructose. Defects in KHK are the cause of fructosuria.
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly.Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface.Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility.Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA.Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes.May play a role in chromatin organization.It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable).
KIAA0101, also known as p15(PAF), is a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor which interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). It was initially isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen for PCNA binding partners, and was shown to bind PCNA competitively with the cell cycle regulator p21(WAF). KIAA0101 is localized primarily in the nucleus. It shares the conserved PCNA binding motif with several other PCNA binding proteins including CDK inhibitor p21 . KIAA0101 is involved in cell proliferation and plays a role in early tumor recurrence (ETR), and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). KIAA0101 is expressed predominantly in liver, pancreas and placenta. It cannot be detected in heart or brain. It is highly expressed in a number of tumors, especially esophageal tumors, in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and in non-small-cell lung cancer lines. Overexpression of KIAA0101 predicts high stage, early tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. It also may be involved in protection of cells from UV-induced cell death.
KIFBP (Kinesin Family Binding Protein, also known as KIAA1279 and KIF1BP) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a kinesin family member 1 binding protein that is characterized by two tetratricopeptide repeats. The encoded protein localizes to the mitochondria and may be involved in regulating the transport of the mitochondria. Homozygous nonsense mutations in KIAA1279 at 1q22.1, encoding a protein with two tetratricopeptide repeats, underlie this syndromic form of Hirschsprung disease and generalized polymicrogyria, establishing the importance of KIAA1279 in both enteric and central nervous system development. KIAA1279 is widely expressed in the brain, testis, and other tissues. Diseases associated with KIFBP include Goldberg-Shprintzen Syndrome and Shprintzen-Goldberg Craniosynostosis Syndrome.
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (also known as TIM-1 and HAVCR) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein found on activated CD4+ T cells, especially Th2 cells, and dedifferentiated proximal tubule epithelial cells. In humans, KIM-1 levels are very low or undetectable in normal samples, but following drug toxicity or ischemic damage to the kidney, the 85 kD, mucin-rich extracellular region of this molecule is shed and detected at elevated levels in urine, serum, and plasma. Therefore, KIM-1 is a suitable renal biomarker capable of early detection and progressive monitoring of acute kidney injury beyond traditional injury markers such as serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) which lack specificity and sensitivity. KIM-1 has also been implicated in the development of atopic airway disease (asthma) and Th2-biased autoimmune responses.
HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulinmucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type â,&hellip, , integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with highest levels in kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
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