BMP-2 protein, like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. BMP-2 protein is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. BMP-2 and BMP-7 are osteogenic BMPs that have been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast differentiation in a variety of cell types. BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-7 are known to be of major importance in bone formation and repair. In cancerous tissues BMP-2 protein may play an important role in the progression of glioma.
USP46 belongs to the peptidase C19 family; USP12/USP46 subfamily. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a large group of proteases which are also commonly referred to as deubiquitinating peptidases; deubiquitinating isopeptidases; deubiquitinases; ubiquitin proteases; ubiquitin hydrolyases; ubiquitin isopeptidases; or Dubs. They regulate ubiquitin-dependent metabolic pathways by cleaving ubiquitin-protein bonds. They also may act as negative and positive regulators of the ubiquitin system. Besides ubiquitin recycling; they are also involved in processing of ubiquitin precursors; in proofreading of protein ubiquitination and in disassembly of inhibitory ubiquitin chains. USP46 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a role in behavior; possibly by regulating GABA action. It may act by mediating the deubiquitination of GAD1/GAD67. USP46 has almost no deubiquitinating activity by itself and requires the interaction with WDR48 to have a high activity and it is not involved in deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated FANCD2.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme protein synthesized during myeloid differentiation that constitutes the major component of neutrophil azurophilic granules. Produced as a single chain precursor , myeloperoxidase is subsequently cleaved into a light and heavy chain. The mature myeloperoxidase is a tetramer composed of 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains. This enzyme produces hypohalous acids central to the microbicidal activity of neutrophils.
Myelin protein zero-like protein 1(MPZL1) is encoded by the MPZL1 gene, which is a single-pass type I membrane protein. It is widely expressed with highest levels in heart, placenta, kidney and pancreas. As cell surface receptor, it involved in signal transduction processes. MPZL1 recruits PTPN11/SHP-2 to the cell membrane and subsequently activate/phosphorylate Src kinase at Tyr426, promoting phosphorylation of cortactin and migration of HCC cells. MPZL1also is a major receptor for concanavalin-A (ConA) and involved in cellular signaling induced by ConA, which probably includes Src family tyrosine-protein kinases.
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