Nesfatin-1 is a metabolic polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the precursor protein, Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Nesfatin-1 is also expressed in other areas of the brain, and in pancreatic islets β-cells, gastric endocrine cells and adipocytes. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and can regulate energy metabolism in a Leptin independent manner. Nesfatin-1 may also exert hypertensive roles and modulate blood pressure through directly acting on peripheral arterial resistance.
This gene encodes a member of the MutT family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases, a subset of the larger NUDIX hydrolase family. The gene product possesses a modification of the MutT sequence motif found in certain nucleotide pyrophosphatases. The enzyme asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP and is responsible for maintaining the intracellular level of the dinucleotide Ap4A, the function of which has yet to be established. This gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and four transcript variants, all encoding the same protein, have been identified.
ADP-sugar Pyrophosphatase, also known as NUDT5, eliminates toxic nucleotide derivatives from the cell and regulate the levels of important signaling nucleotides and their metabolites. NUDT5 functions as a MutT-related protein and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 8-oxoGDP to 8-oxoGMP, thereby preventing misincorporation of 8-oxoGua into RNA. NUDT5 may play significant roles in regulating the G1-S transition in mammalian cells. It can also hydrolyze other nucleotide sugars with low activity.
Opioid-binding Cell Adhesion Molecule (OBCAM), also known as OPCML, is a GPI-anchored cell adhesion molecule in the plasma membrane. This neuron-specific protein, consists of three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains anchored to the membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-tail. OPCML also belongs to the member of the IgLON family, a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily, consisting of three members, LAMP, OBCAM, and Neurotrimin. These molecules interact homophilically and heterophilically within the family, and OBCAM acts only as heterodimers with LAMP or Neurotrimin and possibly inhibits neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells. OBCAM has been presumed to play a role as a cell adhesion/recognition molecule. Furthermore, the OPCML protein defects may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical or ovarian cancers, and this gene is regarded as a candidate TSG (tumor suppressor gene).
CST Complex Subunit STN1 (OBFC1) is a 368 amino acid protein that contains one OB DNA-binding domain. It is a member of the STN1 family. OBFC1 is component of the CST complex, a complex that binds to single-stranded DNA and is required to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. In addition to telomere protection, the CST complex has probably a more general role in DNA metabolism at non-telomeric sites.
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