The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. RAB5A is required for the fusion of plasma membranes and early endosomes (PubMed:10818110, PubMed:14617813, PubMed:16410077, PubMed:15378032). Contributes to the regulation of filopodia extension (PubMed:14978216). Required for the exosomal release of SDCBP, CD63, PDCD6IP and syndecan (PubMed:22660413). Regulates maturation of apoptotic cell-containing phagosomes, probably downstream of DYN2 and PIK3C3.
Antisense inhibition of Rab5b, a gene coding for a small GTPase associated with endocytosis, significantly reduced the mGluR-mediated neuroprotection. Ras-related protein Rab-5B (RAB5B), which is identified by a genome-wide association study as a risk locus for this syndrome, encodes a small GTPase involved in the control of receptor internalization and early endosome fusion. Previous genome-wide sequencing revealed that RAB5B is a susceptible target in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RAB5A gene was abnormally expressed in luteinized granulosa cells of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, which may help explain high FSHR levels found in this syndrome. RAB5B is directly downregulated by miR-130a-3p. Knockdown of RAB5B also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic.
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