Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) is a member of the apolipoprotein family whose members are proteins bind with lipids and form lipoproteins to translate these oil-soluble lipids such as fat and cholesterol through lymphatic and circulatory system. APOA1 is the main component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma and is involved in the esterification of cholesterol as a cofactor of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters, and thus play a major role in cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells. As a major component of the HDL complex, APOA1 helps to clear cholesterol from arteries. APOA1 is also characterized as a prostacyclin stabilizing factor, and thus may have an anticlotting effect. Defects in encoding gene may result in HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. Men carrying a mutation may develop premature coronary artery disease.
Apolipoprotein is genetically associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOA1, APOC3, and APOA4 genes are closely linked and located on human chromosome 11. There was a decreased trend for levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOA4 in AD patients. CONCLUSION: Low levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOA4 are associated with risk of AD. APOA1, APOC3, and APOA4 should be developed as combined drμgs for the therapy of AD. SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisms)in APOA1and APOA4 genes influences atherogenic characteristics of LDL particles in response to diet.
Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is a secreted protein that belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons. APOA4 is secreted into circulation on the surface of newly synthesized chylomicron particles. APOA4 play a role in the regulation of appetite and satiety in rodent models. APOA4 involved in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism and required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II. In addition, APOA4 is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
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