Arginase 1, also known as liver arginase, is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme. It is a key enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyses the conversion of L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea, the final cytosolic reaction of urea formation in the mammalian liver. Arginase 1 is abundantly expressed in liver, but it is also expressed in cells and tissues that lack a complete urea cycle, including lung. Arginase is a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function. It is implicated in a variety of human diseases including vascular disease, pulmonary disease, infectious disease, immune cell function and cancer. In humans, hereditary defects in arginase result in an accumulation of arginine in the blood known as hyperarginemia. Arginase deficiency can also result in the accumulation of nitrogen in the form of ammonia, which results in hyperammonemia.
Arginase-2 (ARG2) is a member of the arginase family. Arginase is a manganese-containing enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. ARG2 is highly expressed in kidney and prostate, not founded in the liver, heart and pancreas. ARG2 has been implicated in the regulation of the arginine/ornithine concentrations in the cell. ARG2 may take part in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. The extrahepatic arginase functions to regulate L-arginine bioavailability to NO synthase.
Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. Arresten, comprising the C-terminal NC1 domain, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor formation. The C-terminal half is found to possess the anti-angiogenic activity. Specifically inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation.
ART3 is an arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase which belongs to the Arg-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase family. ART3 catalyzes a reversible reaction which modifies proteins by the addition or removal of ADP-ribose to an arginine residue to regulate the function of the modified protein. It is expressed specifically in testis. ART3 pseudogene is located on chromosome 11. ART3 was identified as a susceptibility gene for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). It is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of NOA.
May play a role in mRNA degradation (Probable).
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