May play a role in mRNA degradation (Probable).
Human Artemin is a GDNF family ligand that is distantly related to the TGF-β superfamily of molecules. It is synthesized as a preproprotein, and contains a variable length pre-, or signal sequence, plus a 68 amino acid (aa) proregion and a 113 aa mature segment. Following synthesis and proteolytic processing, mature ARTN is secreted as a presumably glycosylated, 28 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer that contains three intrachain disulfide bonds and the typical TGF-β signature cysteine-knot motif. In the mature region, human ARTN is 89% and 88% aa identical to rat and mouse ARTN, respectively. Human ARTN is active on rodent cells. The receptor for ARTN has been identified as the ligand binding subunit GFRα-3 plus the signal transducing subunit, RET. The GFRα-1/RET receptor complex has also been suggested to be a ligand binding unit for ARTN. ARTN is known to be a chemoattractant for sympathetic neuron axons innervating the developing cardiovascular system. It also promotes sensory neuron survival and likely plays a role in the development of the peripheral nervous system. Finally, it has been reported to reverse neuropathic pain due to nerve injury, and to help resolve morphological changes associated with nerve damage.
Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) is synthesized as a 52KDa lysosomal enzyme. It is a member of the sulfatase family that is required for the lysosomal degradation of cerebroside-3-sulfate, a sphingolipid sulfate ester and a major constituent of the myelin sheet. Arylsulfatase A is activated by a required co- or posttranslational modification with the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine. Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems with severe and progressive neurological symptoms caused by the deficiency of Arylsulfatase A. Deficiency of this enzyme is also found in apparently healthy individuals, a condition for which the term pseudodeficiency is introduced. ARSA forms dimers after receiving three N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then the dimers are transported to the Golgi where they receive mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers. And thus, ARSA is transported and delivered to dense lysosomes in a mannose 6-phosphate receptor-dependent manner. It has been shown that within the lysosomes, the ARSA dimers can oligomerize to an octamer in a pH-dependent manner. The ARSA deficiency leads to metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), a lysosomal storage disorder associated with severe and progressive demyelination in he central and peripheral nervous system. Additionally, the serum level of arylsulfatase A might be helpful in diagnosis of lung and central nervous system cancer.
Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) is a lysosomal enzyme that breaks down Cerebroside 3-Sulfate, a major constituent of the myelin sheet, into Cerebroside and Sulfate. The ARSA deficiency results in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD), a lysosomal storage disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems with severe and progressive neurological symptoms. Recombinant Human ARSA corresponds to the ARSA mature peptide and has sulfatase activity.
Adipocyte Adhesion Molecule (ASAM) is a type I transmembrane protein and member of the CTX family within the immunoglobulin superfamily. ASAM may be involved in the cell-cell adhesion; play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and development of obesity. ASAM can be expressed in the skeletal; heart; colon; spleen; muscle; lung and kidney with high level; and in the peripheral blood leukocytes and liver with low level. The extracellular region of ASAM consists two potential N-linked glycosylation sites; and two immunoglobulin domains; one V-type and one C2-type.
Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 13(ASB13) is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family. ASB13 contain six ankyrin repeats sequence and a SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. ASB13 may be a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
Human Histone Chaperone ASF1A (ASF1A) belongs to the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins. ASF1A is ubiquitously expressed in many cells and tissues, interacting with histones H3 and H4. ASF1A cooperates with Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 to promote replication-dependent chromatin assembly and with HIRA to promote replication-independent chromatin assembly. In addition, ASF1A is necessary for the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and efficient senescence-associated cell cycle exit.
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