CD40 Ligand, also known as TNFSF5, CD154, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TNF superfamily. Mature mouse CD40 Ligand consists of a 22 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane segment, and a 214 aa extracellular region. CD40 Ligand is expressed as a homotrimer on platelets and activated T cells and B cells. It is up-regulated following stimulation of basophils, eosinophils, fibroblasts, mast cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. CD40 Ligand binds and activates CD40, which is expressed on the surface of B cells, dendritic cells,macrophages, monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric forms of soluble CD40 Ligand bind to oligomeric CD40 on cell membranes. CD40 ligation by CD40 Ligand promotes B cell activation and T cell-dependent humoral responses. CD40 Ligand dysregulation on T cells and antigen presenting cells contributes to the immune deficiency associated with HIV infection and AIDS. It is also implicated in the pathology of multiple cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and restenosis.
CD40 is a Type I Transmembrane Glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF Receptor Superfamily. CD40 is expressed in B cells, follicular dendritic cells, dendritic cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and several tumor cell lines. The extracellular domain of CD40 is characterized by Cysteine rich repeat regions. Interaction of CD40 with its ligand (CD40L) leads to aggregation of CD40 molecules, which in turn interact with cytoplasmic components to initiate signaling pathways. Several different TRAF proteins (adaptor proteins) have been identified to serves as mediators of the signal transduction. CD40 plays an essential role in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation.
CD40, also known as TNFRSF5, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily which are single transmembrane-spanning glycoproteins. CD40 protein plays an essential role in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. CD40 protein is expressed in B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and several tumor cell lines. Defects in CD40 result in hyper-IgM immunodeficiency type 3 (HIGM3). In addition, CD40/CD40L interaction is found to be necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thoμght to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
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