The Lutheran (Lu) blood group and basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) antigens are both carried by 2 glycoprotein isoforms of the immunoglobulin superfamily representing receptors for the laminin alpha(5) chain. It is a transmembrane receptor with five immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region , and is therefore classified as a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene family. In addition to red blood cells , Lu/BCAM proteins are expressed in endothelial cells of vascular capillaries and in epithelial cells of several tissues. BCAM/LU has a wide tissue distribution with a predominant expression in the basal layer of the epithelium and the endothelium of blood vessel walls. As designated as CD239 recently , BCAM and LU share a significant sequence similarity with the CD146 (MUC18) and CD166 , and themselves are adhesion molecules that bind laminin with high affinity. Laminins are found in all basement membranes and are involved in cell differentiation , adhesion , migration , and proliferation. BCAM is upregulated following malignant transformation of some cell types in vivo and in vitro , thus being a candidate molecule involved in tumor progression. In addition , BCAM interacts with integrin in sickle red cells , and thus may potentially play a role in vaso-occlusive episodes.
Brevican Core Protein (BCAN) is a secreted protein that belongs to the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family. BCAN contains one C-type lectin domain, one EGF-like domain, one Ig-like V-type domain, one Sushi (CCP/SCR) domain and two Link domains. BCAN may play a role in the terminally differentiating and the adult nervous system during postnatal development. BCAN could stabilize interactions between hyaluronan (HA) and brain proteoglycans.
Breast Carcinoma-Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) is a member of the SPF27 family. BCAS2 is a nuclear protein and widely expressed in many rtissues. BCAS2 is identified as being overexpressed in various breast cancer cell lines. BCAS2 is a component of the spliceosome, taking part in the removal of introns from mRNA precursors. BCAS2 interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and beta, thyroid hormone receptor beta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. BCAS2 functions as an ER co-activator and is capable of enhancing ER-mediated transcription.
The BCAT2 gene encodes a branched chain aminotransferase found in mitochondria. The encoded protein forms a dimer thatcatalyzes the first step in the production of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Multipletranscript variants enco.
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