IL11 is a multifunctional cytokine first isolated in 199 from bone marrow-derived stromal cells. It is a key regulator of multiple events in hematopoiesis, most notably the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation. IL11 is also known under the names adipogenesis inhibitory factor (AGIF) and oprelvekin. IL11 can improve platelet recovery after chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, induce acute-phase proteins, modulate antigen-antibody responses, participate in the regulation of bone cell proliferation and differentiation, and could be used as a therapeutic for osteoporosis. IL11 stimulates the growth of certain lymphocytes and, in the murine model, stimulates an increase in the cortical thickness and strength of long bones. As a signaling molecule, IL11 has a variety of functions associated with its receptor interleukin 11 receptor alpha, such functions include placentation and to some extent of decidualization.
Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL 11 R alpha, IL 11 R alpha 1) originally designated NR1 in mouse, is a 49 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is a member of the gp130 subfamily of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family. IL-11 R alpha first binds IL 11 with low affinity, then forms a high affinity receptor when complexed with gp130 homodimers. IL 11 R alpha is also anti-apoptotic for colonic epithelia, and increased IL 11 signaling may be a factor in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal cancer development. The IL11/IL11RA/IL6ST complex may be involved in the control of proliferation and/or differentiation of skeletogenic progenitor or other mesenchymal cells. Essential for the normal development of craniofacial bones and teeth.A soluble form (sIL11RA) can act as an antagonist of IL11-dependent cell differentiation in cells where both transmembrane IL11RA and IL6ST are present.
Interleukin 11 receptor, alpha subunit (IL11RA/IL-11RA) is a subunit of the interleukin 11 receptor which is a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family. IL11RA/IL-11RA is expressed in a number of cell lines, including the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, the megakaryocytic leukemia cell line Mo7E, the erythroleukemia cell line TF1, and the osteosarcoma cell lines, MG-63 and Saos-2. It is also expressed in normal and malignant prostate epithelial cell lines. Expression levels are increased in prostate carcinoma. This particular receptor is very similar to ciliary neurotrophic factor, since both contain an extracellular region with a 2-domain structure composed of an immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytokine receptor-like domain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus, and three variants encoding two different isoforms have been identified. IL11RA/IL-11RA is a receptor for interleukin-11. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11 and CT1 can utilize IL6ST for initiating signal transmission. Defects in IL11RA/IL-11RA are a cause of craniosynostosis and dental anomalies (CRSDA). CRSDA is a disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, and dental anomalies, including malocclusion, delayed and ectopic tooth eruption, and/or supernumerary teeth. Some patients also display minor digit anomalies, such as syndactyly and/or clinodactyly.
Cytokine that can act as a growth factor for activated T and NK cells, enhance the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine-activated killer cells, and stimulate the production of IFN-gamma by resting PBMC.
Interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL-12B) belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. It contains 1 fibronectin type-III domain and 1 Ig-like C2-type domain. IL-12B is a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. IL-12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor encoded by IL12B and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. IL12 is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. It has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen.
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