NETosis is an inflammatory cell death mode of neutrophils. Activated neutrophils capture and kill pathogens by releasing Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of deaggregated chromatin and intracellular granule proteins. The formation of NETs is accompanied by the death of neutrophils. This new type of death is different from apoptosis and necrosis and is called NETosis. There are many inducers of NETosis, such as pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.), activated platelets, chemokines (interleukins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor β, etc.), artificial ingredients and calcium ionophore, etc. These inducers can promote the key proteins of NETosis, Neutrophil Elastase (NE), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Peptidearginine Deaminase IV (PAD4) transcription and translation. This method evaluated the degree of NETosis by detecting the enzyme activity of NE.
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