Phosphotungstic acid can be reduced by Cys and form tungsten blue, which has an absorption peak at 600 nm. Cys content can be calculated with the absorbance at 600 nm.
Cystine is the source of the antioxidant glutathione, which plays an important role in the redox equilibrium within cells. The cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) on the cell membrane is one of the amino acid transporters that transports extracellular cystine into the cell and intracellular glutamate into the cell in a ratio of 1:1. xCT regulates intracellular glutathione synthesis through cystine uptake and maintains cellular redox equilibrium. When the xCT activity on the cell membrane decreases, the ability of the cell to uptake cysteine may decrease, which may lead to cell ferroptosis. In recent years, the association between xCT and related diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and immunity has gradually become one of the research hotspots. This kit is a convenient kit for detecting cystine uptake ability of cells by fluorescence method. Cystine analog, like cystine, can be transported into cells through xCT on the cell membrane. Cystine analog react with fluorescent probes and emit fluorescence. Therefore, the ability of cell cystine uptake can be determined by detecting the fluorescence intensity generated by cystine analog
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family that is responsible for metabolizing approximately 25% of drugs in the human body and is primarily expressed in the liver. CYP2D6 has significant metabolic effects on many clinically important drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, beta-blockers, and painkillers. It converts these drugs into more excretable metabolites through oxidation reactions. The key role of CYP2D6 in drug metabolism and the significant influence of individual differences make detecting the activity of this enzyme important for personalized medicine. The detection principle of this kit: the substrate is converted into a fluorescent substance after catalysis by CYP2D6, and the fluorescence value is detected at the excitation wavelength of 390 nm and the emission wavelength of 468 nm, and the enzyme activity is calculated by the fluorescence value of the standard product.
This kit uses the electron transfer characteristics of CPR to catalyze the substrate to generate chromophore, which has a maximum absorption at 450 nm. The activity of CPR can be calculated by measureing the OD value at 450 nm.
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