SLAM-induced signal-transduction events in T-lymphocytes are different from those in B-cells. Two modes ofSLAM signaling are likely to exist: one in which the inhibitor SH2D1A acts as a negative regulator and another inwhich protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTPN11)-dependent signal transduction operates.
CD155, commonly known as PVR (poliovirus receptor) and Necl-5 (nectin-like molecule-5), is a type I transmembrane single-span glycoprotein, and belongs to the nectins and nectin-like (Necl) subfamily. CD155 was originally identified based on its ability to mediate the cell attachment and entry of poliovirus (PV), an etiologic agent of the central nervous system disease poliomyelitis. The normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells. CD155 may assist in an efficient humoral immune response generated within the intestinal immune system. It has been demonstrated that CD155 can be recognized and bond by DNAM-1 and CD96 which promote the adhesion, migration and NK-cell killing, and thus efficiently prime cell-mediated tumor-specific immunity.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. The gene is specific to the primate lineage, and serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
The glycan determinant CD15 is a distinguishing marker for human myeloid cells and mediates neutrophil adhesion to dendritic cells.
FcgRIV, also known as CD16-2, is an intermediate-affinity activating receptor for IgG2a and IgG2b. CD16-2 is the mouse homolog of human FcgRIIIA. CD16-2 is a low-affinity IgE receptor for all allotypes and the ligation of FcgRIV by antigen-IgE immune complexes promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and is involved in lung inflammation.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, and is exclusively expressed in monocytes and macrophages. It functions as an acute phase-regulated receptor involved in the clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages, and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. This protein may also function as an innate immune sensor for bacteria and inducer of local inflammation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)/Cluster of differentiation (CD166) is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily and a ligand for CD6 that is expressed on T lymphocytes. The extracellular domain of ALCAM contains five Ig-like domains (three Ig-like C2-type domains and two Ig-like V-type domains), of which the amino-terminal V1 domain is essential for ligand binding and ALCAM-mediated cell aggregation. ALCAM mediates both heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) and homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) cell-cell interactions. ALCAM/CD6 interaction plays a role in T cell development and T cell regulation, as well as in the binding of T- and B-cells to activated leukocytes. Recently, homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) adhesion was shown to play important roles in tight cell-to-cell interaction and regulation of stem cell differentiation. While expressed in a wide variety of tissues, ALCAM is usually restricted to subsets of cells involved in dynamic growth and/or migration, including neural development, branching organ development, hematopoiesis, immune response and tumor progression. And CD166 is regarded as a potential novel breast cancer indicator and therapeutic target.
Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Involved in cell motility. When hyaluronan binds to HMMR, the phosphorylation of a number of proteins, including PTK2/FAK1 occurs. May also be involved in cellular transformation and metastasis formation, and in regulating extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. May act as a regulator of adipogenesis.
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