CDC2, also named as CDK1, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. The entry of eukaryotic cells into mitosis is regulated by cdc2 kinase activation, a process controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of cdc2 at Thr161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of cdc2 at Thr14 and Tyr15. Phosphorylation at Thr14 and Tyr15, resulting in inhibition of cdc2, can be carried out by Wee1 and Myt1 protein kinases.
CDK2(Cyclin-dependent kinase 2) is also named as CDKN2 and belongs to the protein kinase superfamily,CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family,CDC2/CDKX subfamily.It is involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis,but dispensable for mitosis.It has 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
CDK2(cyclin dependent kinase 2) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that participate in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein is the catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. Activity of this protein is especially critical during the G1 to S phase transition. This protein associates with and regulated by other subunits of the complex including cyclin A or E, CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 (CDKN1A), and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
CDK4(cyclin dependent kinase 4) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. Multiple polyadenylation sites of this gene have been reported.
Cyclin dependent kinase 6(CDK6) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. Expression of this gene is up-regulated in some types of cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a cell cycle regulator, which can activate cyclin C, act in the G1/S phase, and regulate the normal cell cycle. CDK8 together with Cyclin, Med12 and Med13 form an intermediary complex, which is widely involved in the transmission of information between RNA polymerase II and gene-specific transcription factors, which can activate and inhibit transcription. In addition, CDK8 can activate a variety of signal transduction pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and Notch, thereby inducing the occurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors such as rectal cancer and melanoma. Recent studies have found that blocking the activity of CDK8 gene can greatly reduce the glucose utilization rate of cancer cells.
CDK9(cyclin dependent kinase 9) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS.
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