B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. It has been designated TNFRSF17. BCMA is a type III membrane protein containing one extracellular cysteine rich domain. Within the TNFRSF, it shares the highest homology with TACI. BCMA and TACI have both been shown to bind to APRIL and BAFF, members of the TNF ligand superfamily. BCMA expression has been found in immune organs and mature B cell lines. Although some expression has been observed at the cell surface, BCMA appears to be localized to the Golgi compartment. The binding of BCMA to APRIL or BAFF has been shown to stimulate IgM production in peripheral blood B cells and increase the survival of cultured B cells. This data suggests that BCMA may play an important role in B cell development,function and regulation.
CD38, also called ADP-ribosyl cyclase, is a Type II integral membrane protein with 301 amino acids in length that belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family.It synthesizes the second messagers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the former a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion. And also moonlights as a receptor in cells of the immune system. CD38 is expressed in B and T lymphocytes, osteoclasts, and in cardiac, pancreatic, liver and kidney cells. Through its production of cyclic ADP-ribose, CD38 modulates calcium-mediated signal transduction in many types of cells, including neutrophils and pancreatic beta cells.
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain (CD3D) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. CD3D, together with CD3-gamma, CD3-epsilon and CD3-zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. CD3 chains are present as CD3gammaepsilon, deltaepsilon, and zetazeta dimers in the receptor complex and play critical roles in the antigen receptor assembly, transport to the cell surface, and the receptor-mediated signal transduction. T cell receptor-CD3 complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. This complex is critical for T-cell development and function, and represents one of the most complex transmembrane receptors. The T cell receptor-CD3 complex is unique in having ten cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs(ITAMs). CD3D contains 1 ITAM domain and has been shown to interact with CD8A.
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3D & CD3E, also known as CD3 delta & CD3 epsilon chain, are single-pass type I membrane proteins. CD3D, together with CD3- epsilon(CD3E) , CD3-gamma and CD3-zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. T cell receptor-CD3 complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways.
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