Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Subfamily A Member 2 (LILRA2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. LILRA2 is expressed predominantly on monocytes and B cells, and at lower levels on dendritic cells and natural killer cells. LILRA2 contains four Ig-like C2-type domains, with short cytoplasmic domains lacking an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and with transmembrane regions containing a charged arginine residue, may initiate stimulatory cascades. LILRA2 does not bind class I MHC antigens.
LILRA5 is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family. LILR are a family of receptors possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains. They are also known as CD85, ILTs and LIR, and can exert immunomodulatory effects on a wide range of immune cells. ILT-11 contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. It can be detected n tissues of the hematopoietic system, including bone marrow, spleen, lymph node and peripheral leukocytes. Crosslink of ILT-11 on the surface of monocytes has been shown to induce calcium flux and secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests the roles of this protein in triggering innate immune responses.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Subfamily A Member 5 (LILRA5) is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR), comprise a family of activating and inhibitory type immunoreceptors. LILRA5 consists of a 227 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 10 aa cytoplasmic tail. The ECD contains two Ig-like domains and the transmembrane segment contains a positively charged aspartic acid residue which may mediate its association with the signaling molecule, FcR common gamma chain. LILRA5 is expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Cross-linking of LILRA5 on monocytes induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) as well as the anti-inflammatory IL-10. It can be detected in tissues of the hematopoietic system, including bone marrow, spleen, lymph node and peripheral leukocytes. Crosslink of ILT-11 on the surface of monocytes has been shown to induce calcium flux and secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests the roles of this protein in triggering innate immune responses.
The immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family (also named leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LIR) and monocyte/macrophage Ig-like receptors (MIR)) can be activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors. ILTs are expressed on many leukocyte subsets and regulators of immune responses . ILTs share significant homology with killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). Except ILT-6, all ILT family members are type I transmembrane proteins having two or four extracellular Ig-like domains . ILT2 is expressed on most monocytes,dendritic cells,and mature B cells. ILT2 is also expressed on small percentages of T-cells and NK cells. ILT2 can prevents cellular activation.
Members of the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family are activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors whose genes are located same locus that encodes killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Subfamily B Member 2 (LIR-2) is a type I transmembrane protein. LIR-2 is expressed primarily on monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Human LIR-2 is produced as a 598 amino acino acid precursor including a 21 aa signal sequence, a 440 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmenbrane segment, and a 116 aa cytoplasmic domain. LIR-2 binds to Classical MHCI proteins. Ligation of LIR-2 incluces Tyr phosphorylation within its cytoplasmic ITIMs, a requirement for association with SHP-1. LIR-2 mediates tolerogenic DC-induced CD4+ T cell energy in vitro and in vivo.
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