Macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II, also known as Macrophage acetylated LDL receptor I and II, Scavenger receptor class A member 1, CD204, MSR1 and SCARA1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which contains onecollagen-like domain and oneSRCR domain. Macrophages are distributed in all peripheral tissues and play a critical role in the first line of the innate immune defenses against bacterial infection by phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens through the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1). MSR1 / SCARA1 is one of the membrane glycoproteins implicated in the pathologic deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls during atherogenesis. Two types of receptor subunits exist. These receptors mediate the endocytosis of a diverse group of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoproteins (LDL). MSR1 / SCARA1 is also involved in chronic inflammation which is a risk factor for prostate cancer. MSR1 1 gene was identified as a candidate susceptibility gene for hereditary prostate cancer and as a risk factor for sporadic prostate cancer.
MST4, also known as mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 4, is a novel member of the germinal center kinase subfamily of human Ste20-like kinases and is closely related to MST3. The 416 amino acid full-length MST4 contains a C-terminal regulatory domain and an N-terminal kinase domain, both of which are required for full activation of the kinase. MST4 is highly expressed in placenta, thymus, and peripheral blood leukocytes. MST4 specifically activates ERK but not JNK or p38 MAPK in transient transfected cells or in stable cell lines, and thus is biologically active in the activation of MEK/ERK pathway mediating cell growth and transformation. Further, MST4 kinase activity is stimulated significantly by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, which are known to promote growth of certain cancer cells. Accordingly, MST4 have a potential role in signal transduction pathways involved in cancer progression. Three alternatively spliced isoform of MST4 have been isolated, and isoform 3 lacks an exon encoding kinase domain and may function as a dominant-negative regulator of the MST4 kinase.
5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase (MTHFS) belongs to the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase family. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, contributes to tetrahydrofolate metabolism. MTHFS helps regulate carbon flow through the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolic network that supplies carbon for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidine and amino acids. An increased activity of the encoded protein can result in an increased folate turnover rate and folate depletion.
MTSS1 (Metastasis suppressor 1), also known as Missing in metastasis (MIM), is a tissue-specific regulator of plasma membrane dynamics. MTSS1 is well described for its function as a metastasis suppressor gene and is expressed in a variety of tissues. MTSS1 might be involved in shaping neuronal membranes in vivo. MTSS1 deforms phosphoinositide-rich membranes through its I-BAR domain and interacts with actin monomers through its WH2 domain. MTSS1/MIM was first identified as a metastasis suppressor missing in metastatic bladder carcinoma cell lines. MTSS1 is a prognostic indicator of disease-free survival in breast cancer patients and demonstrates the ability to play a role in governing the metastatic nature of breast cancer cells. MTSS1 may serve as a useful biomarker for the prediction of outcome of gastric cancer. The down-regulation of MTSS1 that may be caused by DNA methylation was also observed in many other types of cancer.Recent work proposed that MIM also potentiates Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced gene expression. MTSS1 as a multiple functional molecular player and has an important role in development, carcinogenesis and metastasis.
Gel-forming glycoprotein of gastric and respiratoy tract epithelia that protects the mucosa from infection and chemical damage by binding to inhaled microrganisms and particles that are subsequently removed by the mucocilary system.
Inserisci la tua e-mail e seleziona le aree di interesse per ricevere le ultime novità, approfondimenti e promozioni.
Seleziona uno o più ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni più utili e mirate.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
