This gene encodes a member of the profilin family of small actin-binding proteins. The encoded protein plays an important role in actin dynamics by regulating actin polymerization in response to extracellular signals. Deletion of this gene is associated with an Miller-Dieker syndrome, and the encoded protein may also play a role in Huntington disease. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosome 1.
PGA4 (Pepsinogen 4; group I); or Pepsinogen A; is a member of the peptidase A1 family. Pepsin is expressed as a pro-form zymogen; pepsinogen; whose primary structure has an additional 44 amino acids. Pepsin is stored as pepsinogen so it will only be released when needed; and does not digest the body's own proteins in the stomach's lining. Five types of zymogens of pepsins; gastric digestive proteinases; are known: pepsinogens A; B; and F; progastricsin; and prochymosin. There are two major groups of pepsinogen; namely pepsinogen A (PGA) and pepsinogen C (PGC) (or progastricsin); and each frequently has isozymogens. The PGA3; PGA4 and PGA5 genes encode identical human pepsinogen A enzymes.
This gene encodes a protein precursor of the digestive enzyme pepsin, a member of the peptidase A1 family of endopeptidases. The encoded precursor is secreted by gastric chief cells and undergoes autocatalytic cleavage in acidic conditions to form the active enzyme, which functions in the digestion of dietary proteins. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 11, each of which encodes one of multiple pepsinogens. Pepsinogen levels in serum may serve as a biomarker for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Prostaglandin-H2 D-Isomerase (PTGDS) belongs to the Lipocalin family of calycin superfamily. PTGDS is preferentially expressed in the brain. PTGDS catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2; a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PTGDS is involved in a variety of CNS functions; such as sedation; REM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia; and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. PTGDS binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. It possibly participates in development and maintenance of the blood-brain; blood-retina; blood-aqueous humor; blood-testis barrier; the central nervous system and male reproductive system.
PTGDS; also known as L-PGDS; belongs to the calycin superfamily;lipocalin family. Lipocalins share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture. They transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids; bilins; retinoids; and lipids. PTGDS is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2. It is involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a variety of central nervous system functions. PTGDS may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. It binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules; including biliverdin; bilirubin; retinal; retinoic acid and thyroid hormone; and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system.
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