Cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC), also referred to as novel neurotrophin-1 (NNT-1) or B cell-stimulating factor-3 (BSF-3), is a new member of the IL-6 family of structurally related cytokines that includes IL-6, CNTF, LIF, CT-1, IL-11 and OSM. All family members share the receptor subunit gp130 that belong to the type I cytokine receptor superfamily. Ligand binding leads to gp130 homodimerization or heterodimerization (with LIF receptor or OSM receptor beta ), and induces cell signaling and functional activity. For several family members, including CNTF, IL-6, and IL-11, binding of the ligand to a specific receptor alpha subunit (CNTF R alpha, IL-6 R alpha, or IL-11 R alpha ) is required prior to gp130 homo- or hetero-dimerization.
Claudin-11, also known as CLDN11, belongs to the group of claudins. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands function as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions.Claudin-11 is a tight junction associated protein and is a major component of central nervous system (CNS) myelin that is necessary for normal CNS function. Human blood-testis barrier disruption is related to a dysfunction of CLDN11 gene. It plays an important role in regulating proliferation and migration of oligodendrocytes.
Claudin-18(CLDN18) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN18 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. CLDN18 belongs to the large claudin family of proteins, which form tight junction strands in epithelial cells. CLDN18 plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. CLDN18 has two isoform A1 and isoform A2. IMAB362 (Claudiximab) is a monoclonal antibody against isoform 2 of Claudin-18. It is under investigation for the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and pancreatic tumors. IMAB362 was developed by Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG.
Claudin-18(CLDN18) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN18 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. CLDN18 belongs to the large claudin family of proteins, which form tight junction strands in epithelial cells. CLDN18 plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. CLDN18 has two isoform A1 and isoform A2.IMAB362 (Claudiximab) is a monoclonal antibody against isoform 2 of Claudin-18. It is underinvestigation for the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and pancreatic tumors. IMAB362 was developed by Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG.
Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. Required for normal water homeostasis and to prevent excessive water loss through the skin, probably via an indirect effect on the expression levels of other proteins, since CLDN1 itself seems to be dispensable for water barrier formation in keratinocyte tight junctions.
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