Human Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is 20 kD glycoprotein containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and it functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. The synthesis of G-CSF can be induced by bacterial endotoxins, TNF, Interleukin-1, and GM-CSF. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the synthesis of G-CSF. In epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic cells secretion of G-CSF is induced by Interleukin-17.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor and an essential cytokine belonging to the CSF family of hormone-like glycoproteins. It is produced by numerous cell types including immune and endothelial cells. Recent animal studies have also revealed that G-CSF activates multiple signaling pathways, such as Akt and also the Janus family kinase-2 and signal transducer and activation of transcription-3 (Jak2-STAT3) pathway, thereby promoting survival, proliferation, differentiation and mobilisation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. G-CSF is a cytokine that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. And it was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent. G-CSF prevents left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by decreasing cardiomyocyte death and by increasing the number of blood vessels, suggesting the importance of direct actions of G-CSF on the myocardium rather than through mobilization and differentiation of stem cells. Accordingly, recombinant human (rh)G-CSF has been extensively used in clinical haematology and oncology to enable bone marrow transplantation or to treat chemotherapy-associated neutropenia. In preclinical study, G-CSF improved cardiac function and perfusion by angiomyogenesis and protection of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction.
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. This CSF induces granulocytes.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. The active protein is found extracellularly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor (G-CSFR), also known as CD114, the protein encoded by this gene is the receptor for colony stimulating factor 3, a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. The encoded protein, which is a member of the family of cytokine receptors, may also function in some cell surface adhesion or recognition processes. Mutations in the G-CSF receptor leading to carboxy-terminal truncation transduce hyperproliferative growth responses, and are implicated in the pathological progression of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Additionally, autocrine/paracrine stimulation of G-CSFR may be important in the biology of solid tumors, including metastasis.
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