Interferon-alpha 2 (IFN alpha-2) is one of 14 subtypes with anin the IFN-alpha class of Type I Interferons. The members of the IFN-alpha class, also known as alpha leukocyte interferons, encompass a group of distinct but closely related proteins which share approximately 80% amino acid (aa) sequence identity and have a similar globular structure composed of five alpha-helices. IFN-alpha class members signal through a common cell surface receptor complex composed of IFN-alpha R2 and IFN-alpha R1 subunits. As the first highly active IFN to be cloned and produced, IFN alpha-2 has become the prototypic IFN for academic and pharmaceutical research. The mature extracellular domain (ECD) of mouse IFN alpha-2 shares 60% and 83% aa sequence identity with an human and rat, respectively. Murine IFN-alpha 2 can eliminate cardiac viral load and protect cardiomyocytes from injury in animals infected with an coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). IFN alpha-2 derived mutants with an reduced IFNR2 binding inhibited HIV replication and mutants with an more IFNAR1 binding potentiated antiviral activity.
IFNA2 (Interferon Alpha 2) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on chromosome 9. The encoded protein is a cytokine produced in response to viral infection. Type I Interferons (IFNs) are well-known cytokines that exert antiviral activity, antitumor activity, and immunomodulatory effects. Interferon tau (IFNT), a type I IFN similar to alpha IFNs (IFNA), is the pregnancy recognition signal produced by the ruminant conceptus. Among the IFN-α genes, a total of 28 different sequence variants have been described. The three principal subtypes of IFNα-2 are designated α-2a, α-2b, and α-2c. IFNα-2b is being the predominant allele while IFNα-2a is less predominant and IFNα-2c only a minor allelic variant.
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