Interleukin-28B; also known as Cytokine Zcyto22; Interferon lambda-3; Interferon lambda-4; IFNL3; IFNL4; ZCYTO22 and IL28B; is a secreted cytokine which belongs to the IL-28/IL-29 family. IL-28 has also been shown to play a role in the adaptive immune response. IL28B has immunomodulatory activity and up-regulates MHC class I antigen expression. IL28B displays potent antiviral activity and antitumor activity. In addition; IL28B is a ligand for the heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor composed of IL10RB and IL28RA. The ligand/receptor complex seems to signal through the Jak-STAT pathway.
IGF I, also known as Mechano Growth Factor, somatomedin-C, IGF-I, and IGF1, is a secreted protein that belongs to the insulin family. The insulin family, comprised of insulin, relaxin, insulin-like growth factors I and II ( IGF-I and IGF-II ), and possibly the beta-subunit of 7S nerve growth factor, represents a group of structurally related polypeptides whose biological functions have diverged. The IGFs, or somatomedins, constitute a class of polypeptides that have a key role in pre-adolescent mammalian growth. IGF-I expression is regulated by GH and mediates postnatal growth, while IGF-II appears to be induced by placental lactogen during prenatal development. IGF1 / IGF-I may be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. IGF1 / IGF-I stimulates glucose transport in rat bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also about enhancing glucose uptake. Defects in IGF1 / IGF-I are the cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency (IGF1 deficiency) which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, sensorineural deafness, and mental retardation.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor proteins; which contains the N- and C-terminal propeptide regions. Mature human IGF-I consisting of 70 amino acids has 94% identity with mouse IGF-I and exhibits cross-species activity. IGF-1 binds IGF-IR; IGF-IIR; and the insulin receptor and plays a key role in cell cycle progression; cell proliferation and tumor progression. IGF-1 expression is regulated by growth hormone. R3 IGF-1 is an 83 amino acid analog of IGF-1 comprising the complete human IGF-1 sequence with the substitution of an Arg (R) for the Glu(E) at position three; hence R3; and a 13 amino acid extension peptide at the N terminus. R3 IGF-1 has been produced with the purpose of increasing biological activity. R3 IGF-1 is significantly more potent than human IGF-I in vitro.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor protein containing N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions. Mature human IGF-I consisting of 70 amino acids with 94% identity with mouse IGF1 and exhibits cross-species activity. IGF1 binds IGF-1R; IGF-2R; and the insulin receptor and plays a key role in cell cycle progression; cell proliferation and tumor progression. IGF1 expression is regulated by growth hormone.
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