Interleukin-20 Receptor Subunit α (IL20RA) is a single-pass type I membrane protein that is a member of the type II cytokine receptor family. IL20RA is synthetized a 553 amino acid glycoprotein precursor containing a 29 amino acid signal peptide; a 221 amino acid extracellular domain with two fibronectin type-III domains; a 24 amino acid transmembrane region; and a 279 amino acid intracellular domain. IL20RA is widely expressed with highest levels found in skin and testis and high levels in brain. IL20RA forms a heterodimer with IL20RB; and the complex serves as a receptor for IL19; IL20 and IL24. IL20RA also forms a heterodimer with the unique and specific receptor IL10RB and functions as the receptor for IL26.
Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit (IL20RA/IL-20RA) also known as IL-20 receptor subunit alpha, Cytokine receptor class-II member 8, interleukin-20 receptor I, and interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha, is a subunit for the interleukin-20 receptor. IL20RA/IL-20RA belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. This cytokine is a receptor for interleukin 20 (IL20), a cytokine that may be involved in epidermal function. The receptor of IL20 is a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of this protein and interleukin 20 receptor beta (IL20B). IL20RA forms heterodimer with IL20RB, and the complex serves as a receptor for IL19, IL20 and IL24. All three are capable of signaling through IL-20RA/IL-20RB complex. The ligand binding to receptor B creating a high-affinity binding site for the receptor A which is recruited to complete the complex. In addition, IL20RA also forms a heterodimer with the unique and specific receptor IL10RB and functions as the receptor for IL26. IL20RA is widely expressed with highest levels in skin, testis and brain. The expression of both IL20RA and IL20RB is found to be upregulated in psoriatic skin lesions on keratinocytes.
Interleukin-20 receptor subunit beta（IL20RB） is a single-pass type I membrane protein and belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. It contains 2 fibronectin type-III domains. There are two kinds of type II cytokine receptors : cytokine receptors that bind type I and type II interferons; cytokine receptors that bind members of the interleukin-10 family (interleukin-10, interleukin-20 and interleukin-22). Type II cytokine receptors are similar to type I cytokine receptors except they do not possess the signature sequence WSXWS that is characteristic of type I receptors. They are expressed on the surface of certain cells, which bind and respond to a select group of cytokines. These receptors are related predominantly by sequence similarities in their extracellular portions that are composed of tandem Ig-like domains. The intracellular domain of type II cytokine receptors is typically associated with a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Janus kinase (JAK) family
IL-21 is a potent cytokine regulating many cell types of the immune system. IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells. Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses. IL-21 protein regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co-stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization. IL-21 blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells. In addition to its role in T cell biology, IL-21 also plays a critical role in B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes. And IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation. In the autoimmune disease Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a link between IL-21 and SLE disease susceptibility and progression was recently reported.
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