Interleukin-22(IL-22) is a member of a group of the IL-10 family, a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells. IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction. It can initiate and regulate innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 along with IL-17 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems. IL-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to IL-10. Biological activity of IL-22 is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex consisting of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. IL-22 biological activity is further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP. IL-22BP and an extracellular region of IL-22R1 share sequence similarity. In some cases, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of IL-22 are regulated by cytokine IL-17A.
Cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo.
Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits, a p19 subunit that is unique to IL-23, and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12. The p19 subunit has homology to the p35 subunit of IL-12, as well as to other single chain cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11. The p40 subunit is homologous to the extracellular domains of the hematopoietic cytokine receptors. Although p19 is expressed by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and endothelial cells, only activated macrophages and dendritic cells express p40 concurrently to produce IL-23. IL-23 has biological activities that are similar to, but distinct from IL-12. Both IL-12 and IL-23 induce proliferation and IFN-gamma production by human T cells. While IL-12 acts on both naive and memory human T cells, the effects of IL-23 is restricted to memory T cells.
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