Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226)
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, also known as MAP kinase kinase 6, MAPKK 6, MAPK / ERK kinase 6, SAPKK3, MAP2K6, and MKK6, is a protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser / Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase subfamily. MAP2K6 / MKK6 contains one protein kinase domain. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are members of a conserved cascade of kinases involved in many signal transduction pathways. They stimulate phosphorylation of transcription factors in response to extracellular signals such as growth factors, cytokines, ultraviolet light, and stress-inducing agents. MAP2K6 / MKK6 exists in a variety of alternatively spliced isoforms with distinct patterns of tissue expression. Isoform 2 of MAP2K6 / MKK6 is only expressed in skeletal muscle. Isoform 1 of MAP2K6 / MKK6 is expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and to a lesser extent in liver or pancreas.
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. In response to cellular stress and upon mitochondria fission, binds C-18 ceramides and anchors autophagolysosomes to outer mitochondrial membranes to eliminate damaged mitochondria. While LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation.
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