MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A, also known as MIC-A, PERB11.1 and MICA, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the MHC class I family of MIC subfamily. MICA contains one Ig-like C1-type domain and is expressed on the cell surface, although unlike canonical class I molecules does not seem to associate with beta-2-microglobulin. It is thought that MICA functions as a stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by NK cells, NKT cells, and most of the subtypes of T cells. MICA is the ligand for NK cell activating receptor KLRK1/NKG2D. MICA seems to have no role in antigen presentation. MICA leads to cell lysis by binding to KLRK1.
MHC class I chain-related molecules A (MICA) is one of the genes in the HLA class I region, which belongs to the MHC class I family. It is the member of the non-classical class I family that displays the greatest degree of polymorphism. The MICA protein product is expressed on the cell surface, although unlike canonical class I molecules do not seem to associate with beta-2-microglobulin. It is thought that MICA functions as a stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by NK cells, NKT cells, and most of the subtypes of T cells. The Natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), a C-type lectin-like activating immunoreceptor, is a receptor of MICA, which was detected on most gamma-delta T cells, CD8+ alpha-beta T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Effector cells from all these subsets could be stimulated by the ligation of NKG2D. Engagement of NKG2D activated cytolytic responses of gamma-delta T cells and NK cells against transfectants and epithelial tumor cells expressing MICA. The MICA system is a novel, avidin-free immunohistochemical detection system that provides a significant increase in sensitivity compared to traditional immunodetection systems.
MHC Class I Polypeptide-Related Sequence A (MICA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a ligand for human NKG2D. Unlike classical MHC class I molecules, MICA does not form a heterodimer with beta-2-microglobulin. MICA shares 85% amino acid identity with a closely related protein, MICB. MICA acts as a stress-induced self-antigen that is recognized by NK cells, NKT cells, and most of the subtypes of T cells. As a Ligand for the KLRK1/NKG2D receptor, MICA binds to KLRK1 leads to cell lysis. MICA functions as an antigen for gamma delta T cells and is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. MICA antigens are able to elicit the synthesis of alloantibodies in transplant recipients. Studies have shown that anti-MICA antibodies are associated with acute renal allograft rejection and failure. MICA recognition is involved in tumor surveillance, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases.
MHC class I chain-related molecules A (MICA) is one of the genes in the HLA class I region, which belongs to MHC class I family. It is the member of the non-classical class I family that displays the greatest degree of polymorphism. The MICA protein product is expressed on the cell surface, although unlike canonical class I molecules does not seem to associate with beta-2-microglobulin. It is thought that MICA functions as a stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by NK cells, NKT cells, and most of the subtypes of T cells. The Natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), a C-type lectin-like activating immunoreceptor, is a receptor of MICA, which was detected on most gammadelta T cells, CD8+ alphabeta T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Effector cells from all these subsets could be stimulated by ligation of NKG2D. Engagement of NKG2D activated cytolytic responses of gammadelta T cells and NK cells against transfectants and epithelial tumor cells expressing MICA. The MICA system is a novel, avidin-free immunohistochemical detection system that provides a significant increase in sensitivity compared to traditional immunodetection systems.
This gene encodes a heavily glycosylated protein which is a ligand for the NKG2D type II receptor. Binding of the ligand activates the cytolytic response of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta T cells which express the receptor. This protein is stress-induced and is similar to MHC class I molecules, however, it does not associate with an beta-2-microglobulin or bind peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
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