Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney.
Renin is a member of the aspartyl proteinase family produced largely in part by the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney. Renin is produced as prorenin with 43 pro residues at the N-terminal of mature Renin. The inactive prorenin becomes activated proteolytically by trypsin, cathepsin B, or other proteinases. Renin also has a very high selectivity for substrates due to a long peptide recognition on either side of the peptide bond undergoing cleavage. An octapeptide substrate was the minimum length to be cleaved by Renin. Renin plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt balance through the cleavage of angiotensinogen,which is the only known physiological substrate of Renin. Renin releases the decapeptide angiotensin I, which in turn is further converted to vasoactive hormone angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
Resistin is an adipocytokine; which has been studied for its role in insulin resistance and recently in inflammation. The RETN and CAP1 polymorphisms and gene expression may be potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Resistin (RETN); recently found to be relevant to inflammation and inflammatory disorders.
Resistin known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1) that seems to suppress insulin ability to stimulate glucose uptake into adipose cells. The length of the resistin pre-peptide in human is 108 amino acid residues and in the mouse and rat it is 114 aa; the molecular weight is ~12.5 kDa. Resistin is a cytokine whose physiologic role has been the subject of much controversy regarding its involvement with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Resistin has been shown to cause "high levels of 'bad' cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein or LDL), increasing the risk of heart disease, resistin increases the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver. Potentially links obesity to diabetes.
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